HLST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH Flashcards
WHAT INFLUENCES OUR LIFESTYLE CHOICES?
SES, AGE, VALUES, RELIGION, ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN HEALTH IS INTERRELATED, TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
WHAT IS ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH?
INCLUDES ALL THE INTERACTIONS OF HUMANS WITH THEIR ENVIRONMENT AND THE HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF THE SAME.
THE FIELD OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH GREW OUT FIELD TO CONTROL WHT?
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
WHAT WAS THE PERCENTAGE INCREASE OF CHOLERA CASES FROM 2005-2006?
79%
HOW MANY PEOPLE WERE IN YEAR 1?
300 MILLION
NO OF PEOPLE IN 1600 ON PLANET?
500 MILLION
POPULATION IN 1800?
1 BILLION
WHEN WAS THE SECOND BILLION REACHED AFTER 1800?
IN 130 YEARS-1930
THE THIRD BILLION?
30 YEARS-1960
THE FIFTH BILLION?
13 YEARS -1987
THE FOURTH BILLION?
14 YEARS-1974
HOW MUCH POPULATION THE WORLD HAS GROWN DURING 20 THE CENTURY?
1.65 BILLION- 6 BILLION
IN _______ THERE WERE ROUGHLY HALF AS MANY PEOPLE IN THE WORLD AS THERE ARE NOW.
1970
POPULATION IN 1930?
2 BILLION
POPULATION IN 1974?
4 BILLION
HOW DID CONTRIBUTION OF MORE DEVELOPED REGIONS IN THE POPULATION DECREASED GRADUALLY?
1950-32%
2000-20%
2050-13%(predicted)
proportions of people aged 60+ is predicted to increase from _____% in 2000 to _____% in 2050
10% - 22%
what are the factors that may eventually put a cap on human population?
1.Food
2.available land and water
3.energy(non renewable energy such as oil, coal, natural gas, nuclear power
4.minimal acceptable standard of living
what factors lead to food shortage and famine?
economic and sociopolitical factors
factors that contribute to population growth?
1.high fertility rates
2.lack of family planning resources
3.lower death rates
only ______ of the world’s couple use any form of family planning.
half
_________ could remove pressure for larger families?
better conditions
where was the largest overall reduction in life expectancy at birth (in years) seen?
Russia
how is change in life expectancy calculated?
difference between observed and expected life expectancy
name the countries where no evidence of a change in life expectancy (covid 19 pandemic related)was found?
South Korea, Norway, Denmark
change in life expectancy is estimated using what model?
Lee-Carter model
according to statistics Canada what was the considered as the third leading cause of death in Canada in 2020?
covid-19
how was the effect of covid in 2020 among those under the age of 40 in Canada?
largely unaffected, just over 50 deaths in 2020, but increase in death due to other things including substance-related harms.
what was the life expectancy in 2019 and 2020. in Canada?
2019- 82.3
2020- 81.7
how much decline was noticed in male and females?
male- 0.7 years
female- 0.4 years
which countries had decline of 1.5 years?
spain, italy, USA
the largest single year decline in Canada since 1921 happened in ________.
2020
decline of how many years was seen since 2019 to 2020?
0.6 years
how much decrease in life expectancy was seen in Italy, Spain , USA?
-1.5 years
the ________ are shown in the distance from Jalandhar in the indian state of Punjab on ________?
HIMALAYAS, 3 April 2020
what leads to outdoor air quality and pollution?
1.forest fire
2.pollen bloom
3. dust storm
4. human causes-factory pollution, burning of fossil fuels
brief exposure to particulate air pollution in people with chronic ailments such as diabetes or heart failure, can increase risk of death nearly by?
40%
what do major air pollutants include?
Nitrogen Dioxide
Particulate Matter
Ground-level ozone
what is the meaning of Air quality health index (AQHI)
A measure to indicate whether air pollution levels pose a health concern for Canadians
what is the value range of AQHI?
1 - 10+
According to AQHI when is it considered to be a high health risk?
values >7
where does no2 comes from?
motor vehicles, power plants
where does particulate matter comes from?
combustion of fossil fuels, dust from roads, industrial processes
where does ground- level ozone comes from?
motor vehicles, power plants, industrial plants
according to scientists what is driving the temperature of planet?
global warming
what is greenhouse effect
the process through which heat is trapped near Earth’s surface by substances known as ‘greenhouse gases.’
CO2-primary
how much carbon dioxide is accounted for greenhouse effect?
60%
how much CO2 is pumped by usage of fossil fuels into the atmosphere every year?
20 billion metric tons
how much temp increase is predicted by the end of this century?
2-10 degree
how rising temp can affect the planet?
rise in sea level-floods
change in weather patterns-hurricanes
severe droughts
extinction of species
what simple changes can help in make the earth a little cooler?
saving energy
switching to compact fluorescent bulbs
driving fewer miles on car
except melting polar ice what other effects can global warming have on the planet?
It could change our maps, and displace people from cities and tropical islands.
how much oil is consumed by Canada?
32%
hydroelectricity consumption in Canada?
25%
natural gas consumption?
24%
coal consumption?
10%
THROUGH WHAT FORMS IS ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN CANADA HELD?
Oil (32%)
Hydroelectricity (25%)
Natural Gas (24%)
Coal (10%)
Remainder from Nuclear power and renewable energy (wind and solar power
NAME SOME INDOOR AIR POLLUTIONS?
Environmental tobacco smoke
CO and other combustion by-products
formaldehyde gas
biological pollutants
indoor mould
what is known as human carcinogen?
tobacco, increases the risk of asthma, bronchitis and cardiovascular diseases
how is CO produced indoor?
woodstoves, fireplaces and gas stoves
what happens on inhalation of CO and other combustion by products?
could result in chronic bronchitis, headaches, dizziness, nausea, fatigue and sometimes, even death.
what does formaldehyde gas includes?
byproducts created from construction materials, paints, floor finishes and even nail polish
what problems can be caused by formaldehyde gas?
eye, nose and throat irritation among shortness of breath, headaches and over the long term, cancer.
what does biological pollutants includes?
dust mites, mold, animal dander and bacteria
which mould is considered a serious threat to human health?
toxic black mould- greenish black and appears slimy when wet
what can be done in order to save the planet?
1.expand use of renewable energy, less dependent on coal and other fossil fuels.
2.increasing vehicle fuel efficiency
3.building clean energy economy
4.placing limits-carbon emission
5.reduce tropical deforestation
6.affective national and regional climate policies.
Canada is considered a water ______ country ?
rich
globally _______ people do not have safe drink water(WHO)
1 billion
what is the most common way to dispose waste in Canada?
1.bury it in sanitary landfill
ways to dispose solid wastes?
1.sanitary landfill
2.Biodegradation
3.Recycling
4.Discarded technology
BIODEGRADATION?
breaking of organic substances by living organisms
_________ is a toxic hazardous waste.
E-waste
what are the 4Rs
reduce
reuse
recycle
respond
what is respond?
Educate, get creative, lead by example
romans were plagued by ____________.
lead poisoning
name some chemical pollutants?
lead
pesticides
herbicides
solvents
asbestos
mercury
when was lead 100% eliminated in canada?
1991
houses built before which year had leaded paint?
before 1970s
how to prevent chemical pollution?
1.choose less toxic products, cleaner etc
2.dispose of household hazardous wastes properly
3.buy organic or local fruit
what does S.M.A.R.T. goals stands for
specific, measurable, achievable, result-focused, time bound
