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Bio120 > HLST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH > Flashcards

HLST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT INFLUENCES OUR LIFESTYLE CHOICES?

A

SES, AGE, VALUES, RELIGION, ENVIRONMENT

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2
Q

ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN HEALTH IS INTERRELATED, TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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3
Q

WHAT IS ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH?

A

INCLUDES ALL THE INTERACTIONS OF HUMANS WITH THEIR ENVIRONMENT AND THE HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF THE SAME.

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4
Q

THE FIELD OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH GREW OUT FIELD TO CONTROL WHT?

A

COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

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5
Q

WHAT WAS THE PERCENTAGE INCREASE OF CHOLERA CASES FROM 2005-2006?

A

79%

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6
Q

HOW MANY PEOPLE WERE IN YEAR 1?

A

300 MILLION

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7
Q

NO OF PEOPLE IN 1600 ON PLANET?

A

500 MILLION

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8
Q

POPULATION IN 1800?

A

1 BILLION

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9
Q

WHEN WAS THE SECOND BILLION REACHED AFTER 1800?

A

IN 130 YEARS-1930

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10
Q

THE THIRD BILLION?

A

30 YEARS-1960

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11
Q

THE FIFTH BILLION?

A

13 YEARS -1987

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12
Q

THE FOURTH BILLION?

A

14 YEARS-1974

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13
Q

HOW MUCH POPULATION THE WORLD HAS GROWN DURING 20 THE CENTURY?

A

1.65 BILLION- 6 BILLION

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14
Q

IN _______ THERE WERE ROUGHLY HALF AS MANY PEOPLE IN THE WORLD AS THERE ARE NOW.

A

1970

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15
Q

POPULATION IN 1930?

A

2 BILLION

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16
Q

POPULATION IN 1974?

A

4 BILLION

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17
Q

HOW DID CONTRIBUTION OF MORE DEVELOPED REGIONS IN THE POPULATION DECREASED GRADUALLY?

A

1950-32%
2000-20%
2050-13%(predicted)

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18
Q

proportions of people aged 60+ is predicted to increase from _____% in 2000 to _____% in 2050

A

10% - 22%

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19
Q

what are the factors that may eventually put a cap on human population?

A

1.Food
2.available land and water
3.energy(non renewable energy such as oil, coal, natural gas, nuclear power
4.minimal acceptable standard of living

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20
Q

what factors lead to food shortage and famine?

A

economic and sociopolitical factors

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20
Q

factors that contribute to population growth?

A

1.high fertility rates
2.lack of family planning resources
3.lower death rates

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21
Q

only ______ of the world’s couple use any form of family planning.

A

half

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22
Q

_________ could remove pressure for larger families?

A

better conditions

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23
Q

where was the largest overall reduction in life expectancy at birth (in years) seen?

A

Russia

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24
Q

how is change in life expectancy calculated?

A

difference between observed and expected life expectancy

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24
Q

name the countries where no evidence of a change in life expectancy (covid 19 pandemic related)was found?

A

South Korea, Norway, Denmark

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25
Q

change in life expectancy is estimated using what model?

A

Lee-Carter model

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26
Q

according to statistics Canada what was the considered as the third leading cause of death in Canada in 2020?

A

covid-19

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27
Q

how was the effect of covid in 2020 among those under the age of 40 in Canada?

A

largely unaffected, just over 50 deaths in 2020, but increase in death due to other things including substance-related harms.

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28
Q

what was the life expectancy in 2019 and 2020. in Canada?

A

2019- 82.3
2020- 81.7

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29
Q

how much decline was noticed in male and females?

A

male- 0.7 years
female- 0.4 years

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30
Q

which countries had decline of 1.5 years?

A

spain, italy, USA

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31
Q

the largest single year decline in Canada since 1921 happened in ________.

A

2020

32
Q

decline of how many years was seen since 2019 to 2020?

A

0.6 years

33
Q

how much decrease in life expectancy was seen in Italy, Spain , USA?

A

-1.5 years

34
Q

the ________ are shown in the distance from Jalandhar in the indian state of Punjab on ________?

A

HIMALAYAS, 3 April 2020

35
Q

what leads to outdoor air quality and pollution?

A

1.forest fire
2.pollen bloom
3. dust storm
4. human causes-factory pollution, burning of fossil fuels

36
Q

brief exposure to particulate air pollution in people with chronic ailments such as diabetes or heart failure, can increase risk of death nearly by?

A

40%

37
Q

what do major air pollutants include?

A

Nitrogen Dioxide
Particulate Matter
Ground-level ozone

37
Q

what is the meaning of Air quality health index (AQHI)

A

A measure to indicate whether air pollution levels pose a health concern for Canadians

38
Q

what is the value range of AQHI?

A

1 - 10+

39
Q

According to AQHI when is it considered to be a high health risk?

A

values >7

40
Q

where does no2 comes from?

A

motor vehicles, power plants

41
Q

where does particulate matter comes from?

A

combustion of fossil fuels, dust from roads, industrial processes

42
Q

where does ground- level ozone comes from?

A

motor vehicles, power plants, industrial plants

43
Q

according to scientists what is driving the temperature of planet?

A

global warming

44
Q

what is greenhouse effect

A

the process through which heat is trapped near Earth’s surface by substances known as ‘greenhouse gases.’
CO2-primary

45
Q

how much carbon dioxide is accounted for greenhouse effect?

A

60%

46
Q

how much CO2 is pumped by usage of fossil fuels into the atmosphere every year?

A

20 billion metric tons

47
Q

how much temp increase is predicted by the end of this century?

A

2-10 degree

48
Q

how rising temp can affect the planet?

A

rise in sea level-floods
change in weather patterns-hurricanes
severe droughts
extinction of species

49
Q

what simple changes can help in make the earth a little cooler?

A

saving energy
switching to compact fluorescent bulbs
driving fewer miles on car

50
Q

except melting polar ice what other effects can global warming have on the planet?

A

It could change our maps, and displace people from cities and tropical islands.

51
Q

how much oil is consumed by Canada?

A

32%

52
Q

hydroelectricity consumption in Canada?

A

25%

53
Q

natural gas consumption?

A

24%

54
Q

coal consumption?

A

10%

55
Q

THROUGH WHAT FORMS IS ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN CANADA HELD?

A

Oil (32%)
Hydroelectricity (25%)
Natural Gas (24%)
Coal (10%)
Remainder from Nuclear power and renewable energy (wind and solar power

56
Q

NAME SOME INDOOR AIR POLLUTIONS?

A

Environmental tobacco smoke
CO and other combustion by-products
formaldehyde gas
biological pollutants
indoor mould

57
Q

what is known as human carcinogen?

A

tobacco, increases the risk of asthma, bronchitis and cardiovascular diseases

58
Q

how is CO produced indoor?

A

woodstoves, fireplaces and gas stoves

59
Q

what happens on inhalation of CO and other combustion by products?

A

could result in chronic bronchitis, headaches, dizziness, nausea, fatigue and sometimes, even death.

60
Q

what does formaldehyde gas includes?

A

byproducts created from construction materials, paints, floor finishes and even nail polish

61
Q

what problems can be caused by formaldehyde gas?

A

eye, nose and throat irritation among shortness of breath, headaches and over the long term, cancer.

62
Q

what does biological pollutants includes?

A

dust mites, mold, animal dander and bacteria

63
Q

which mould is considered a serious threat to human health?

A

toxic black mould- greenish black and appears slimy when wet

64
Q

what can be done in order to save the planet?

A

1.expand use of renewable energy, less dependent on coal and other fossil fuels.
2.increasing vehicle fuel efficiency
3.building clean energy economy
4.placing limits-carbon emission
5.reduce tropical deforestation
6.affective national and regional climate policies.

65
Q

Canada is considered a water ______ country ?

A

rich

66
Q

globally _______ people do not have safe drink water(WHO)

A

1 billion

67
Q

what is the most common way to dispose waste in Canada?

A

1.bury it in sanitary landfill

68
Q

ways to dispose solid wastes?

A

1.sanitary landfill
2.Biodegradation
3.Recycling
4.Discarded technology

69
Q

BIODEGRADATION?

A

breaking of organic substances by living organisms

70
Q

_________ is a toxic hazardous waste.

A

E-waste

71
Q

what are the 4Rs

A

reduce
reuse
recycle
respond

72
Q

what is respond?

A

Educate, get creative, lead by example

73
Q

romans were plagued by ____________.

A

lead poisoning

74
Q

name some chemical pollutants?

A

lead
pesticides
herbicides
solvents
asbestos
mercury

75
Q

when was lead 100% eliminated in canada?

A

1991

76
Q

houses built before which year had leaded paint?

A

before 1970s

77
Q

how to prevent chemical pollution?

A

1.choose less toxic products, cleaner etc
2.dispose of household hazardous wastes properly
3.buy organic or local fruit

78
Q

what does S.M.A.R.T. goals stands for

A

specific, measurable, achievable, result-focused, time bound

Bio120 (10 decks)

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