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Chemistry Year 1 > Hlogenoalnes > Flashcards

Hlogenoalnes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a halagenoalkane

A

It is an alkane with a halogen attached

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2
Q

What is the general formula?

A

CnH2n+1X

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3
Q

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary

A

Primary has one carbon attached the carbon a adjoined to the halogen
Secondary has two carbon attached to the carbon adjoint to the halogen
Tertiary has three carbons attached to the carbon joint to the halogen

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4
Q

What are the two types of reactions that halogenoalkanes go under

A

Nucleophilic. substitution and elimination

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5
Q

what is a nucleophile

A

Electron pair Donatir

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6
Q

Nucleophilic substitution with AQS hydroxide ions
What is the change in functional group?
The reagent
The condition
And the mechanism

A

It goes from halogenoalkane to an alcohol
Potassium hydroxide
AQS solution under reflux
Nuclear substitution

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7
Q

Nucleophilic substitution with cyanide ions
What is the change in functional group?
The reagent
The condition
And the mechanism

A

Halogenoalkane into nitrile
Potassium cyanide dissolved in ethanol or water
Heated under reflux
Nucleic substitution

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8
Q

Nucleophilic substitution with Ammonia ions
What is the change in functional group?
The reagent
The condition
And the mechanism

A

Halogenoalkane into amine
NH three dissolved in alcohol
Heated under pressure
Nucleophilic substitution

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9
Q

What is an elimination reaction?

A

It is the removal of small molecules from the organic molecule

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10
Q

Elimination with alcoholic hydroxide ion
Change in functional group
Reagent
Condition
Mechanism
Type of reagent

A

Halogenoalkane into alkene
Potassium hydroxide
Ethanol
Elimination
Base

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11
Q

Aqueous is usually

A

Substitution

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12
Q

Alcoholic is usually

A

Elimination

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13
Q

What is ozone?

A

It is formed naturally in the upper atmosphere and is beneficial as it absorbs uv radiation

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14
Q

What are cfcs

A

Chloroflurocarbons

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15
Q

What did cfcs do to the ozone layer

A

Formed holes

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16
Q

How are chlorine radicals formed in the upper atmosphere?

A

When the energy from UV radiation causes the carbon chlorine bond to break

17
Q

Write the radical substitution reaction of ozone and chlorine

A

Kkk

18
Q

Why does chlorine free radical atoms catalyse the composition of ozone?

A

As they are regenerated
They provide an alternative route with a lower activation energy which is contributed to the formation of holes in the ozonelayer

Chemistry Year 1 (16 decks)

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