Alkanes Flashcards
What are alkanes?
Saturated hydrocarbons
What is petroleum?
Is a mixture consistent meaning of alkaline hydrocarbons separated by fractional distillation?
Fractional distillation
Oil is heated and then parts into a column the fraction condensed at different heights. The temperature of the column decreases upwards. The separation depends on the boiling point which depends on the size of molecules the larger the molecule the larger the forces similar molecules condensed together and small molecules condensed at the top of lower temperatures and big molecules condensed at the bottom at higher temperatures is a physical process.
Explain fractional distillation in the laboratory
It is heated which causes it to vaporise the vapour pass up the fraction and column the vapour of the substance with lower boiling points reach the top of the fraction in column and higher boiling points will condense at the bottom of the floss and the volatile vapours passed through into the condenser which caused and condenses and liquid is collected
What is cracking?
The breaking of CC bonds in alkanes
Why is it done?
Shorter hydrocarbon chains are more in demand and they are more valuable for materials
What are the two types of cracking?
Thermal and catalytic
Thermal cracking conditions
High-pressure high temperature
Produces a high percentage of alkenes
Catalytic cracking conditions
Slight pressure high temperature in the presence of a light catalyst it is used to mainly produce motor fields and aromatic hydrocarbons
What are alkanes used as?
Fuels
What are alkanes used as?
Fuels
Complete combustion
Produces common dioxide and water
Incomplete combust
Produces carbon monoxide and water
What are the pollutants that are produced due to internal combustion engine?
Nox CO carbon and unvented hydrocarbons
How are the gassiest pollutant removed?
Catalytic converters
What does SO2 produce?
Acid rain when burn
What is the process to remove sulphur dioxide called?
Flue gas Desulphurisation
What are the two compounds used to remove sulphur dioxide?
Calcium oxide and calcium carbonate
Formula for calcium oxide
sulphur dioxide + calcium oxide ——-> caso3
Calcium carbonate formula
Calcium carbonate + sulphur oxide ——-> caso3 + carbon dioxide
What are catalytic converters?
They remove CO nox and unburnt hydrocarbons from the exhaust gases turning them into harmless CO2 N2 H2O
What is a free radical?
Unpaired electron
What are the three steps?
Initiation
Propagation
Termination
Write out all the steps for chlorination of methane
Answer mechanism booklet
