Alkanes Flashcards

1
Q

What are alkanes?

A

Saturated hydrocarbons

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2
Q

What is petroleum?

A

Is a mixture consistent meaning of alkaline hydrocarbons separated by fractional distillation?

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3
Q

Fractional distillation

A

Oil is heated and then parts into a column the fraction condensed at different heights. The temperature of the column decreases upwards. The separation depends on the boiling point which depends on the size of molecules the larger the molecule the larger the forces similar molecules condensed together and small molecules condensed at the top of lower temperatures and big molecules condensed at the bottom at higher temperatures is a physical process.

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4
Q

Explain fractional distillation in the laboratory

A

It is heated which causes it to vaporise the vapour pass up the fraction and column the vapour of the substance with lower boiling points reach the top of the fraction in column and higher boiling points will condense at the bottom of the floss and the volatile vapours passed through into the condenser which caused and condenses and liquid is collected

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5
Q

What is cracking?

A

The breaking of CC bonds in alkanes

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6
Q

Why is it done?

A

Shorter hydrocarbon chains are more in demand and they are more valuable for materials

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7
Q

What are the two types of cracking?

A

Thermal and catalytic

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8
Q

Thermal cracking conditions

A

High-pressure high temperature
Produces a high percentage of alkenes

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9
Q

Catalytic cracking conditions

A

Slight pressure high temperature in the presence of a light catalyst it is used to mainly produce motor fields and aromatic hydrocarbons

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10
Q

What are alkanes used as?

A

Fuels

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11
Q

What are alkanes used as?

A

Fuels

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12
Q

Complete combustion

A

Produces common dioxide and water

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13
Q

Incomplete combust

A

Produces carbon monoxide and water

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14
Q

What are the pollutants that are produced due to internal combustion engine?

A

Nox CO carbon and unvented hydrocarbons

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15
Q

How are the gassiest pollutant removed?

A

Catalytic converters

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16
Q

What does SO2 produce?

A

Acid rain when burn

17
Q

What is the process to remove sulphur dioxide called?

A

Flue gas Desulphurisation

18
Q

What are the two compounds used to remove sulphur dioxide?

A

Calcium oxide and calcium carbonate

19
Q

Formula for calcium oxide

A

sulphur dioxide + calcium oxide ——-> caso3

20
Q

Calcium carbonate formula

A

Calcium carbonate + sulphur oxide ——-> caso3 + carbon dioxide

21
Q

What are catalytic converters?

A

They remove CO nox and unburnt hydrocarbons from the exhaust gases turning them into harmless CO2 N2 H2O

22
Q

What is a free radical?

A

Unpaired electron

23
Q

What are the three steps?

A

Initiation
Propagation
Termination

24
Q

Write out all the steps for chlorination of methane

A

Answer mechanism booklet