Alcohols Flashcards
Alcohol produced
They are produced industrially by hydration of alkenes in the presence of an acid catalyst
General formula
CNH2N +10H
What is the bond angle in alcohol and the shape?
109.5
Tetrahedral
The COH bond is 104.5
What is the boiling point of alcohol?
They have low volatility and high boiling points due to the abilities to form hydrogen bonds
Smaller alcohols can dissolve in water because they can hydrogen bond to water molecules
Primary alcohol
One carbon attached to the carbon adjoined to oxygen
Secondary alcohol
Two carbons attached to the carbon adjoined to oxygen
Tertiary alcohol
Three Carbon attached to Carbon adjoined to oxygen
How is ethanol produced?
Industrially by. Fermentation. of glucose, separated by fractional distillation which can be used as a biofuel
What is a biofuel
A fuel produced from plants
Equation and conditions of production of ethanol from bluffers by fermentation of glucose
Glucose ———> ethanol + carbon dioxide
Conditions:
-Yeast
- no air
Presence of air can cause extra reactions to occur
- temp 30 - 40°
High temp, yeast dies + enzyme will denature
From ethene, ethanol production
C2H4 + H2O ————> C2H6OH
Hydration reaction
Hightemp high pressures strong acidic catalyst
Mechanism Acid catalysed addition for hydration of ethene
MECHANISIM
What’s carbon neutral
An activity which has nonet carbon emission to the atmosphere
Primary alcohols can be oxidised into __________ this can be further oxidised into ____________
Aldehydes
Carboxylic acid
Partial oxidation of alcohols reaction + conditions + reagent
Primary alcohol ————-> aldehyde
Reagent: potassium dichromate and dilute sulfuric acid
Condition: distillation
