HIV practice Flashcards
A nurse is am outpatient clinic is assessing a pt who reports night sweats and fatigue. The pt reports having a cough along with nausea and diarrhea. Their temp is 38.1 (100.6f) orally. The pt is concerned about the possibility of having HIV. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? SATA
a) Perform a physical assessment
b) Determine when manifestations began
c) Teach the pt about HIV transmission
d) Draw blood for HIV testing
e) Obtain a sexual history
a,b,e
A nurse is caring for a pt who is suspected of having HIV. The nurse should identify which of the following diagnostic tests and lab values are used to confirm HIV infectin? SATA
a)Western blot
b) Indirect immunofluorescence assay
c) CD4+ T-lymphocyte count
d) HIV RNA quantification test
e) Cerebrospinal fluid(CFS) analysis
a,b
c-classofying the stage of HIV
d-determain vial level and to monitor treatment
e-confirm meningitis
A nurse is providing teaching for a pt who has stage 3 HIV disease. Which of the following statements by the pt indicate to the nurse an understanding of the teaching?
a) I will wear gloves when changing the litter box
b) I will rinse raw fruits with water before eating them
c) I will wear a mask when around family members who are ill
d) I will cook vege before eating them
d
a-they should avoid
b-they should avoid
c-they should avoid
A nurse is assessing a pt for HIV. The nurse should identify which of the following are risk factors associated with this virus? SATA
a) Perinatal exposure
b) Pregnancy
c) Monogamous sex partner
d) Older adult women
e) Occupational exposure
a,d,e
d-d/t viginal dryness and the thinning of the viginal wall
e-such as a healthy healthcare worker
A nurse is providing teaching for a pt who has stage 2 HIV disease and is having difficulty maintaining a normal weight. Which of the following statements by the pt should indicate to the nurse an understanding of the teaching?
a) I will choose a diet high in fat to help gain weight
b) I will be sure to eat three large meals daily
c) I will drink yo to 1 L of fluid each day
d) I will add high protein food
d
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) mainly attacks what type of cells in the human body?(Required)
A. Red Blood Cells
B. CD4 positive cells
C. Stem Cells
D. Platelets
B
The HIV virus attacks the human body’s immune system, specifically the CD4 positive cells…mainly the helper t cells. These cells are white blood cells that help the immune system fight infection.
A 30-year-old patient is in the Acute Stage of HIV. What findings below correlate with this stage of HIV? Select all that apply:
A. CD4 level <500 cells/mm3
B. No presence of opportunistic infections
C. High viral load
D. Patient reports flu-like symptoms
E. Patient is asymptomatic
b,c,d
The Acute Stage of HIV is the first stage and tends to occur a couple of weeks to a month after becoming infected. The patient’s viral load is very HIGH during this time, but the CD4 count should be greater than 500 cells/mm3. Therefore, NO opportunistic infections are present during this time (the CD4 count is high enough to fight off these types of infections/diseases). In addition, the patient may report flu-like symptoms (aches, joint pain, headache, fever, fatigue, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, GI upset, and rash). The patient is usually asymptomatic in the 2nd stage (Chronic Stage of HIV).
A patient arrives to the clinic and requests an HIV test. The patient had unprotected sexual intercourse 2 days ago with a person who may have HIV. As the nurse you know there is a window period for detecting an infection of HIV. What statements should you provide to the patient about this window period and testing for HIV? Select all that apply:
A. No test is available currently to show immediate infection.
B. The window period is the time when you become infected with HIV to when a test can deliver positive results.
C. Window periods vary depending on the type of HIV test administered.
D. The absolute earliest an HIV test can detect HIV is about 3 months.
A,B
These are correct statement. Option D is incorrect because the NAT (nucleic acid test) can detect HIV the earliest of all the test types. It can detect around 10 days after exposure for some patients. It assesses for the virus’ genetic material and measures the amount of virus present in the blood. It is not commonly ordered and is used only for high risk patients.
A 48-year-old patient is HIV positive. The patient has no signs and symptoms and has a CD4 count of 400 cells/mm3. In addition, no opportunistic infections or diseases are present. These findings correlate with what stage of HIV?
A. Acute
B. Chronic
C. AIDS
B
These findings correlate with the Chronic Stage (also called the Asymptomatic Stage) of HIV. Signs and symptoms may not be experienced, the viral load is lower than the Acute Stage, but the virus is still replicating and destroying the cells. The patient can still transmit the virus to others. In addition, the CD4 count should be more than 200 cells/mm3 to about 500 cells/mm3. In addition, no opportunistic infections or diseases should be present.
Which type of opportunistic infection occurs from inhaling a parasitic organism that can be found in cat and bird feces?
A. Histoplasmosis
B. Cryptococcosis
C. Mycobacterium Avium complex
D. Toxoplasmosis
D
Toxoplasmosis is a protozoal parasitic infection that is found in cat and bird feces along with undercook meat, such as pork and red meat.
A nurse is providing discharge teacing to a pt who has HIV. WHich of following statments by a pt indicateds an understanding of the teaching?
a) I will clean the bathroom surgaces with full stenth bleach
b) I should discard open beverage that have neen unrefrigerated for 1hr
c) I should was laundry that is soild with a body fluid in cool water
d) I will work in the garden for exercise
b
a-10% bleach
c-hot water
d-avoid
A nruse is caring a pt who has HIV. Which of the following lab findings should suggest to the nurse that med therapy is effective?
a) WBC 3,500
b) Lymphocyte 1,400
c) Decreased viral load
d) Low CD4/CD* ratio
C
A nurse is assesing a pt who has HIV> Which of the following findings should cause the nurse to suspect that the pt’s diagnosis has progreassed to AIDS?
a) Small,purple-colored skin lesions
b) Fever and diarrhea lasting longer thatn 1 month
c) Persistent, generalized lymphadenopathy
d) CD4 cells decreased to 750
a
kaposi’s sarcoma which is an AIDS defining illness
b-this is HIV manifestations
c-this is HIV manifestations
d-CD4 should below 200
