Cancer term

Question 1

Initiation?

Answer 1

encapsulated A gene on the DNA of a cell is damaged by a carcinogen
発がん性物質

Question 2

a) Promotion?
b) Promoting factors?

Answer 2

a) Carcinogen is introduced into the cell, causing reversible damage to the cell
or irreversible damage leading to Cancer
b) include dietary fat, obesity, smoking, alcohol

Question 3

Progression?

Answer 3

Final stage
increased growth rate of the tumor
Invasion
metastasis 転移

Question 4

Stage
a) Stage 1
b) Stage 2
c) Stage 3
d) Stage 4

Answer 4

a) Tumor limited to the tissue of origina,localized
b) Limited local spread
c) Extensive local and regional spread
d) Metastasis
(cancer going to the bloodstream to go some other body part)
Tumor,lympnodes,metastasis

Question 5

a) Main cancer/ men? women?
b) death rate hign in men or women?
c) 77% cancer mortality occur age over?

Answer 5

a) men/ prostrate, lungs and colon
women/ breasts, lung and colon
b) men
c) over 55 years

Question 6

7 waring sings
C,A,U,T,I,O,N

Answer 6

C change in bowel pr bladder habits
A sore that des not heal
U unusual belleding/discharge
T thickening o rlump in breast or elsewhere
I indigestion or difficulty swallowing
O obviosu change in wart or mole
N nagging cough or hoaresness

Question 7

RN role prevention

Answer 7

public educaton
regular exercise
healthy weight
reduce stressors
adequate rest
regular physical examinations
We could reduce risk

Question 8

Cancer diagnosis
a) what is the goal standard?
b) when a person is diagnosed with cancer then what test?
c) what is the question b test?

Answer 8

a) biopsy
b) PET scan
c) an imaging test that uses radioactive
tell where, how many, etc… to make a plan for treatment

Question 9

goal of treatment
a) cure
b) control
c) palliation

Answer 9

a) aim for a cure
b) not completely cure but control
c) reduce symptoms and pain/一時やわらげる

Question 10

What is chemotherapy?

Answer 10

-Eliminate or reduce cancer cells in primary and metastasis tumors
-Combination increases the number of cells killed

Question 11

Chemo saffe practices?

Answer 11

Occupational hazard
Verification by 2 nurses
Multiple routes

Question 12

a) Radiation therapy?
b) 2 types of radiation therapy?

Answer 12

a) Breaks up the chemical bonds in DNA
b) Teletherapy(external beam)
outside/ any tissue beam to the tumor can be affected
Brachytherapy(internal)
sealed sources

Question 13

Radiation precaution?

Answer 13

-time, distance and shielding yourself
-cluster care to limit the time spent with the pt
-HC worker to wear a radiation badge

Question 14

Side effects?
a) Myelosuppression?
b) what is the word hair loss in chemo?

Answer 14

a) most common
decreased RBC, WBC, platelets
high risk for infection
WBC less than 500
Myelosuppression=bone marrow suppression
b) Alopecia

Question 15

Neutropenic precaution?

Answer 15

protect my pt from others
handwashing
protects skin from cuts and burns
wear gloves
do not give direct care to pets
do not get a live vaccine
NO fresh flower
NO fresh fruits,veges,must be COOKED
NO sick people around,if you get isolation pt you must change the pt

Question 16

Side effect GI?

Answer 16

N/V
-avoid food with strong odors
-meds before meals
-small frequent meals
-cold or room temp foods
-avid favorite foods(taste aversion)

Question 17

Side effecs/ Mucositis?

Answer 17

dry mouth
loss of taste(dysgeusia)
painful swallow(odynophagia)

Question 18

side effect/hemorrhagic cystitis

Answer 18

increased fluid intake >3L/day
encourage frequent voiding
if bleeding, place 3 way foley

Question 19

Radiation skin change

Answer 19

Dry to wet
NO extremes of temp
NO heating and ice pads
NO rubbing,massage,tight clothes
use mild soap
aloe vera gel is OK

Question 20

Chemo skin change

Answer 20

changing skin color
NO exposing scalp to sunlight
NO touch the head
may use mild shampoo and gentle towels to dry
coping with hair loss