COPD Flashcards
Asthma
a) what is it?
b) trigger?
c) what wheeze is common?
d) short-a-acting?
e) long-acting?
a) intermittent and reversible
b)air pollurion
allergens
infections
GERD
stress
c) Expiratory wheeze
d) albuterol
Acute Asthma Attack
e) salmeterol
control therapy
take it daily for control
a) s/s get worse?
b) status asthmaticus?
a) barrel chest (sith severe prolonged asthma)
b) Medical emergency
hypoxia
hypercapnia
respiratory failure
Bronchiectasis
a) patho
b) causes
a) permanent dilation of medium-sized bronchi
b) immune system or genetic disorder
Chronic bronchitis
a) criteria
c) how lread to COPD?
a) cough and sputum production for at least 3 months in each of 2 consecutive years 2年連続
b) airway narrowing
airway narrowing with inc mucus
Emphysema
a) patho
b) causes?
a) Destruction of alveoli without fibrosis
Loss of elastic recoil
Air trapping during expiration
b) smoking, preventable
COPD=chronic bronchitis(airway narrowing) +Emphysema(alveroar damage)=impaired gas change
COPD is?
-Preventable
-Tratble
-Progressive
-Systemic disease
-Smoking is the main reason
Risk factor
-Smoking
-Passive smoking
-Air pollutants
-Chemical,dust
-Age (lose of elastic)
-Asthma
-Alpha 1 antitrypsin
Manifestations
-Chronic intermittent cough 途切れ途切れ
-Dyspnea difficulty breathing
-chest tightness
-fatigue, weight loss
-Bluish-red color skin (d/t pplyccythemia)
-Tripod position
-Inc AP diameter
-barreal shaped chest
-decrase breath sounds
Barrel chest,nail clubing,hyperresonance
Can’t expire air 吐き出せない
Diagnostic
a) Pulmonary Function Test level?
b) CBC what result indicate?
c) Other dix?
a) FEV1/FVC <70%=COPD
b) Polycythemia (high RBCs)
c) Ventilation Perfusion scan(VQ scan)
Arterial blood gas
Serum alpha 1 levels
Classification
FEV1 result
Mild?
Moderate?
Severe?
Very severe?
FEV1>80%
50-80%
30-50%
<30%
a) FEV1?
b) FVC?
a) measures how much air you can exhale in one second
b) measures the total amount of air you can exhale forcefully in one breath.
Complications
-R HF (because of pulmonary HTN and cor pulmonale)
-Chronic hypoxia=inc erythropoiesis(production of red blood cells=polycythemia)
-pneumothorax
-Malnutrition
-Polycythemia/blood becomes viscous
Cor pulmonale
a) patho
b) manifestations
b) tratment
a) Right side heart failur d/t lumg problem
b) edema, weight gain
Inc BNP
b) Continue low-flow O2 or long term O2 therapy
Patient education
-Stop smoking!
-Infection prevention(get flu shot+pneumonia vaccines)
-Consume high calorie diet
-Inc fluid intake
-use peak flow meter
-breathing tequnich
Education
Nutritional therapy
-High-calorie foods
-Limit liquid at mealtimes
-Rest before meals
-Frequent meals and snacks
-Inc calories with mayo,butter, peanut butter
-Choose desserts that contain eggs
-Add cheese
Peak Flow Meter
a) how to use?
b) Green means?
c) Yello means?
d) Red means?
e) normal mL
a)
Place mater at 0
Stand and inheal deeply
Blow out as hard and fast as possible
b) 80% good control
c) 50-80% signal caution, take saba
d) below 50%, MED emergency, call HCP
e) 400-600
Do 15 min post SABA
a) Pursed lip breathing
b) Abdominal/diaphragmatic breathing
a) inhale through nose w/mouth closed
-excel slowly through lips for prolonged expiration
b) Place hand on the abdomen and other on the chest
-inheal and push the abdominal out while(expanding stomach ) and keep chest still
a) huf coughing
b) O2 therapy
a) while leading forward, breathe deeply
b) Mouthcare 3-4/day
Wash NC with soap and rinse 2/week
replace every 2-4 weeks
no smoking near the tank
administer the lowest level
O2 use prior to any energy-consuming activity
a) Respiratory failure related to hypo? and hyper?
b) Inhaled meds have grater or fewer side effects than PO?
c) SPO2 normal?
a) hypoxemia and hypercapnia
b) fewer
MDI,DPI
c) 94-99
