Cirrhosis Flashcards
4 major roles?
1) detoxing ammonia, alcohol
2) drug metabolism
3) storing glucose, fat,carb
4) producing bile, coagulation factors, alumin
Manifestations
early stage
anorexia
hepatomegaly
weight loss
nause
RUQ pain
Manifestations
late-stage
a) lab
b) spleen
c) coagulation
a) hypokalemia,hyponatremia,hypoalbuminemia
Low albumin but increased liver enzymes(ALT,AST)
b) splenomegaly(easily bleeding)
c) decrease platelet easily bleeding
peripheral edema
ascites
Manifestations
a) skin
Jaundice
Spider angiomas
Palmar erythema
Complications
Potal HTN
a) causes
a) liver gets hard so cannot circulate, blood backing up into the portal vein
cause other organs to enlarge
-splenomegaly
-esphageal varices
-gastric varices
-leads ascites
Splenomegaly
Causes?
-reduce RBCs, WBCs productions
-easily infection
-easily bleeding
Complications
Hepatic encephalopathy
a) causes
b) manifestations
c) treatment
a) liver cannot pee out ammonia
increase ammonia in the blood
b) classic one is asterixis(flapping tremors)
change in neurologic
inappropriate behavior
asterixis (flapping tremors)
c) limit protein intake
Neomycin PO(liver damage)
Esophageal and gastric varices
a) what going on?
c) what cause to explored?
c) treatment?
a) potal HTN causing vessels to enlarg max,waiting to be exploered!!
b) strining the toilet (BM)
couhing
sneezing
c) reduce potal HTN
Ascites
treatment
high carb, low sodium diet
fluid retention
diuretics
semi-flower for maximum respiratory
Ascites=Paracentesis
priore presudure 4つ
1) empty bladder
#2) vital sings
#4) High fowlers
#3) Mesure abdominal circumference and weight
Autoimmune hepatitis
a) patho
b) diafnostic
c) medication
a) high levels of immunoglobulins(antibodies)
if untreaded, progress to liver cirrhosis
b) ANA,ASMA,AMA
Liver biopsy
c) steroid and anti-rejection
Genetic disorder
a) patho
b) diagnosis
c) treatment
a) Wilson’s disease
Austosomal recessive
retain excess copper=damage liver
b) Kayser-Fleischer ring(copper colored ring)
Neurologic dysfunction
c) Chelating agents to excertion of copper
zinc acetate
bile duct disease
a) patho
b) diagnositic
c) tratmet
a) autoimmune
destruction of small bile ducts and staisi of bile
b) increase ALP,AMA,ANA,lipid
c) ursodiol(only drug)
cholestyramine for pruruitus(Itching)
manage hyperlipidemia
a) NAFLD
b) NASH
c) Risk factor
a) fatty liver but not alcoholic
occur in obese children and adult
b) fat accumiration d/t inflammation and fibrosis liver
c) Metabolic syndrome
obeses
hyperlipidemia
HTN
DM
NAFLS+NASG
a) diagnostic
b) tratmetn goal
a) ALT/AST test
ultrasound, CT
b) weight reduction
addressing risks
