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HIV Flashcards

1
Q

What is HIV?

A

A retrovirus that contains RNA and invades the host cell

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2
Q

What is HIV?

A

A retrovirus that contains RNA and invades the host cell

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3
Q

Which receptors does HIV target?

A

CD4+ cells

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4
Q

What is CD4?

A

A glycoprotein found on the cell surface

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5
Q

In which cells would you find CD4+?

A

T helper cells (CD4 lymphocytes)
Macrophages
Microglial cells
Dendrites

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6
Q

What do T helper cells do?

A

Cytokine release
Activate B cells
Activate killer T cells (CD8+)
Recognition of MHC2 antigen-presenting cell

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7
Q

What effect does HIV have on the immune response?

A

Reduced number of circulating CD4+ cells - taken into lymphoid tissue
Reduced proliferation of CD4+ cells
Reduced CD8+ cell activation (dysregulated expression of cytokines)
Reduced affinity of antibodies produced
Chronic immune activation

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8
Q

What are the normal CD4+ T helper cell parameters?

A

500-1600 cells/mm3

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9
Q

At what level of CD4+ t helper cells is there a risk of opportunistic infections?

A
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10
Q

Which receptors does HIV target?

A

CD4+ cells

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11
Q

What is CD4?

A

A glycoprotein found on the cell surface

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12
Q

In which cells would you find CD4+?

A

T helper cells (CD4 lymphocytes)
Macrophages
Microglial cells
Dendrites

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13
Q

What do T helper cells do?

A

Cytokine release
Activate B cells
Activate killer T cells (CD8+)
Recognition of MHC2 antigen-presenting cell

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14
Q

What effect does HIV have on the immune response?

A

Reduced number of circulating CD4+ cells - taken into lymphoid tissue
Reduced proliferation of CD4+ cells
Reduced CD8+ cell activation (dysregulated expression of cytokines)
Reduced affinity of antibodies produced
Chronic immune activation

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15
Q

What are the normal CD4+ T helper cell parameters?

A

500-1600 cells/mm3

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16
Q

At what level of CD4+ t helper cells is there a risk of opportunistic infections?

A
17
Q

How long after exposure is the infection established?

A

3 days

18
Q

What is occurring during the asymptomatic stage of HIV infection?

A

Ongoing proliferation of the virus
Ongoing depletion of CD4+ count
Ongoing immune activation
Risk of onward transmission

19
Q

What is an opportunistic infection?

A

An infection caused by a pathogen that does not normally produce disease in a healthy individual - takes advantage of a weakened immune system.

20
Q

Treatment for pneumocystis pneumonia?

A

High dose co-trimoxazole (+/- steroid) - low dose can be given prophylactically.

Reproduction (12 decks)

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