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Reproduction > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Type of epithelium covering the ovary

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

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2
Q

What is meant by the term Oogenesis?

A

Development of oocytes, the female germ cells, from oogonia

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3
Q

What is meant by the term Folliculogenesis?

A

Growth of the follicle which consists of the oocyte and any associated support cells

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4
Q

Name the parts of the uterine tubes from the fimbria to uterus

A

Fimbria -> infundibulum -> ampulla -> isthmus -> interstitial part

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5
Q

Epithelium covering the mucosa of the ampulla of the uterine tubes

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium - contains ciliated cells and secretory cells

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6
Q

How many layers of smooth muscle are found in the ampulla of the uterine tube?

A

2

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7
Q

How many layers of smooth muscle are found in the isthmus of the uterine tube?

A

3

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8
Q

How many layers of smooth muscle make up the myometrium of the uterus?

A

3 (combine with collagen and elastic tissue)

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9
Q

The two layers of the endometrium of the uterus

A

Stratum Functionalis

Stratum Basalis

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10
Q

What is the Stratum Functionalis?

A

Top layer of the endometrium of the uterus which undergoes the monthly growth, degeneration and loss

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11
Q

What is the Stratum Basalis?

A

The layer of the endometrium of the uterus which acts as reserve tissue that regenerates the functionalis

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12
Q

What happens to the glands within the endometrium of the uterus during the secretory phase?

A

They become coiled to form a corkscrew appearance and start secreting glycogen

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13
Q

What happens to the Stratum Functionalis during the menstrual phase of the cycle

A

The arterioles undergo constriction, depriving tissues of blood leading to ischaemia. The tissue breaks down and there is leakage of blood and tissue sloughing.

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14
Q

Type of epithelium found on the vaginal surface of the cervix

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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15
Q

The name of the area of the cervix where the epithelial lining changes

A

The Transition Zone

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16
Q

Type of epithelium found on the canal of the cervix

A

Mucous secreting simple columnar epithelium

17
Q

Area of the cervix most frequently the site of dysplasia and neoplastic changes (leading to cervical cancer)

A

The transition zone

18
Q

How do the secretions from the endocervical glands change during the cycle?

A

In the proliferative phase the secretions are thin and watery to allow the passage of sperm.
Following ovulation the secretions become thick and viscous to prevent the passage of sperm and micro-organisms.

19
Q

What is the role of commensal bacteria in the vagina?

A

They metabolise glycogen to lactic acid and inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria

20
Q

How does the structure of the endometrium change between the proliferative and secretory phase?

A

Glands become very irregular (no longer round and regular) and filled with secretions

21
Q

What is the name given to the expanded duct region near the nipple which the lactiferous ducts pass through?

A

The lactiferous sinus

22
Q

Which type of epithelium lines the larger ducts of the breast tissue?

A

Columnar

23
Q

Which type of epithelium lines the secretory acini of the breast tissue?

A

Cuboidal/low columnar

24
Q

Which type of epithelium is seen covering the nipple?

A

Highly pigmented keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

25
Q

What is unusual about the core of the nipple?

A

Smooth muscle present - unusual for skin but for nipple erection

26
Q

Name the changes that take place in the breast during the first trimester of pregnancy?

A

Elongation and branching of the smaller ducts

Proliferation of the epithelial cells of the glands and the myoepithelial cells

27
Q

Name the changes that take place in the breast during the second trimester of pregnancy?

A

Glandular tissue continues to develop with differentiation of the secretory alveoli
Plasma cells and lymphocytes infiltrate the nearby connective tissue

28
Q

Name the changes that take place in the breast during the third trimester of pregnancy

A

Secretory alveoli continue to mature

Development of extensive rER

29
Q

What happens to the connective tissue and adipose tissue present in the breast during pregnancy?

A

They both reduce

30
Q

Which hormones stimulate proliferation of secretory tissue during pregnancy?

A

Oestrogen

Progesterone

31
Q

What is the composition of human milk?

A 
88% water
1.5% protein (lactalbumin and casein)
7% carbohydrate (lactose)
3.5% lipid
Small amounts of: ions vitamins, IgA
32
Q

What is atresia?

A

Loss of oogonia and oocytes is by an apoptosis-basis. The cells are resorbed following cell death

Reproduction (12 decks)

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