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Hawk Tuah > HIV > Flashcards

HIV Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of HIV?

A

Retrovirus
Enveloped
Double stranded RNA

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2
Q

What are the proteins of HIV?

A

gp120
gp41
p24

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3
Q

gp120

A

Attaches to CD4 via chemokine receptor CXCR4 / CCR5

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4
Q

gp41

A

Viral fusion and entry through cell membrane

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5
Q

p24

A

Caspid protein

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6
Q

Enzymes of HIV?

A

Reverse Transcriptase
Integrase
Protease

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7
Q

Reverse transcriptase

A

Converts viral ssRNA to dsDNA

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8
Q

Integrase

A

Integrates dsDNA into host genome

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8
Q

Protease

A

Cleaves viral proteins into core proteins

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8
Q

How does HIV replicate?

A

gp120 allows for binding to CD4 via chemokine receptor CXCR4

gp41 mediates fusion and entry of virus through cell membrane

Reverse transcriptase converts ssRNA into dsDNA

Integrase integrates dsDNA into host genome

RNA polymerase transcribe dsDNA and translation into viral proteins

Viral proteins cleaved by protease

Mature vision buds out of cell membrane

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9
Q

How is HIV transmitted?

A

Exchange of bodily fluids (Blood, Sexual, Vertical)

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9
Q

What is the outline of the pathogenesis of HIV?

A

Primary infection (weeks)
Latency (years)
Progression to AIDS

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10
Q

What entails HIV primary infection?

A

Burst of viraemia
Transient drop in CD4 count
Symptoms = Fever, Sore throat, Lethargy and Rash

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11
Q

What entails the latency period of HIV?

A

Chronic low level of viraemia as immunity fights off HIV
May be asymptomatic

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12
Q

What entails AIDS in HIV

A

CD4 loss outweighs CD4 production
Susceptible to opportunistic infections

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13
Q

What are some examples of opportunistic infections for AIDS?

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma (HHV8)
Fungal = Candiasis or oral and oesophageal
CMV
Bacterial = Disseminated Tb

14
Q

What are the methods of diagnosis for HIV?

A

ELISA
RT-PCR
p24 antigen test
Oraquick

15
Q

Describe ELISA.

A

1st line of screening HIV
Western blot done if positive

16
Q

When is p24 antigen test done for HIV?

A

Acute and AIDS periods

16
Q

Describe RT-PCR for HIV.

A

Detect viral load
Check efficacy of and resistance to treatment

Hawk Tuah (12 decks)

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