Dengue virus Flashcards
How is Dengue transmitted?
Aedes mosquito
What are the symptoms of Dengue fever?
Abrupt onset of high fever
Rash
Retro-orbital pain
Myalgia, Athralgia
Severe headache
What is antibody-dependent enhancement?
When infected with another dengue serotype, IgG forms immune complexes with DENV and engulfed by macrophage
DENV replicates inside mobile macrophage causing disseminated infection
What are the clinical presentations of Dengue hemorrhagic fever?
Haemorrhagic manifestations
Abrupt onset of high fever
Liver enlargement
Thrombocytopenia
What leads to Dengue shock syndrome?
Increased Plasma leakage
What are the warning signs of Dengue shock syndrome?
Cold extremities
Hypotension
Acute abdominal pain
Restlessness
Who are usually affected by Dengue haemorrhagic fever and Dengue shock syndrome?
Children above 1yo suffering from 2nd infection
Infants under 1yo suffering from primary infection
Why is secondary Dengue infection more severe?
Antibody-dependent enhancement of viral replication
Cytokine storm and damage to endothelial cells
Vascular damage causes increased vascular permeability
Increased plasma leakage leading to Haemorrhagic manifestations, Liver enlargement and Thrombocytopenia
How is Dengue managed?
Plasma infusion / Electrolytic solution
Paracetamol for pain
How is dengue diagnosed?
RT-PCR and NS1 antigen for early phase
IgG/IgM for late phase
Why is pain for dengue managed using paracetamol and not an NSAID?
NSAID will worsen thrombocytopenia and haemorrhagic manifestations
