HIV Flashcards
What is the definition of AIDS?
CD4+ count of <200 or any AIDS defining condition
What cells does HIV infect?
CD4+
Dendritic cells
Monocytes
What is the average length of the acute HIV stage?
10 years
What is the most common type of HIV test?
HIV rapid antibody test
Who needs antiretroviral therapy?
All HIV+ patients
How often do you monitor CD4 counts and viral load?
3-6 months
When do we test for HIV after needle sticks?
Baseline, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months
What do we prescribe for PEP?
Tenofovir + emtricitabine (Truvada) and dolutegravir (Tivicay) or raltegravir (Isentress)
How many antiretrovirals should we use?
3 antiretrovirals from at least 2 classes
(HAART therapy)
What are the classes of antiretroviral therapy?
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Protease inhibitors
Entry inhibitors/fusion inhibitors
Integrase inhibitors
What should you watch out for with Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors?
Peripheral neuropathy
What should you watch out for with nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors?
Kidney failure
What should you watch out for with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors?
Nothing, they are tolerated well
What should you look out for with protease inhibitors?
Many interactions with P450s
Why should you use entry/fusion inhibitors?
For multidrug resistance
Why should you use integrase inhibitors?
Rapidly decreases viral load
What is mucocutaneous candidiasis?
Pseudomembranous or erythematous plaques on tongue, complain of taste or dry mouth
Or Tinea cruris inguinal rash
What is oral hairy leukoplakia?
Epstein-Barr virus causes white lateral tongue lesion
What is the presentation of herpes?
Small grouped vesicular rash on penile shaft, labia, perianal skin, or buttocks
What is herpes zoster
Painful vesicular rash along dermatome
What is molluscum contagiousum?
Pox virus causing umbilicated flushy papules
What is pneumocystis jiroveci?
Most common opportunistic AIDS infection that causes diffuse or perihilar infiltrate PNA
What is esophageal candidiasis?
The most common aids defining condition caused by c albicans
What is kaposi sarcoma?
Aids defining condition causing purple non blanching lesions
What is mycobacterium avium?
Disseminated infection of persistent fever and weight loss
What is cryptococcal meningitis?
Inhaled fungus that causes pulmonary nodules and infiltrates. Will spread to CNS.
What is cytomegalovirus retinitis?
Most common retinal infection in AIDS causing retinal perivascular hemorrhages and white fluffy exudates
What is toxoplasmosis?
Space occupying parasitic lesion in HIV brains
