HIV

Question 1

What is the definition of AIDS?

Answer 1

CD4+ count of <200 or any AIDS defining condition

Question 2

What cells does HIV infect?

Answer 2

CD4+
Dendritic cells
Monocytes

Question 3

What is the average length of the acute HIV stage?

Answer 3

10 years

Question 4

What is the most common type of HIV test?

Answer 4

HIV rapid antibody test

Question 5

Who needs antiretroviral therapy?

Answer 5

All HIV+ patients

Question 6

How often do you monitor CD4 counts and viral load?

Answer 6

3-6 months

Question 7

When do we test for HIV after needle sticks?

Answer 7

Baseline, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months

Question 8

What do we prescribe for PEP?

Answer 8

Tenofovir + emtricitabine (Truvada) and dolutegravir (Tivicay) or raltegravir (Isentress)

Question 9

How many antiretrovirals should we use?

Answer 9

3 antiretrovirals from at least 2 classes
(HAART therapy)

Question 10

What are the classes of antiretroviral therapy?

Answer 10

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Protease inhibitors
Entry inhibitors/fusion inhibitors
Integrase inhibitors

Question 11

What should you watch out for with Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors?

Answer 11

Peripheral neuropathy

Question 12

What should you watch out for with nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors?

Answer 12

Kidney failure

Question 13

What should you watch out for with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors?

Answer 13

Nothing, they are tolerated well

Question 14

What should you look out for with protease inhibitors?

Answer 14

Many interactions with P450s

Question 15

Why should you use entry/fusion inhibitors?

Answer 15

For multidrug resistance

Question 16

Why should you use integrase inhibitors?

Answer 16

Rapidly decreases viral load

Question 17

What is mucocutaneous candidiasis?

Answer 17

Pseudomembranous or erythematous plaques on tongue, complain of taste or dry mouth
Or Tinea cruris inguinal rash

Question 18

What is oral hairy leukoplakia?

Answer 18

Epstein-Barr virus causes white lateral tongue lesion

Question 19

What is the presentation of herpes?

Answer 19

Small grouped vesicular rash on penile shaft, labia, perianal skin, or buttocks

Question 20

What is herpes zoster

Answer 20

Painful vesicular rash along dermatome

Question 21

What is molluscum contagiousum?

Answer 21

Pox virus causing umbilicated flushy papules

Question 22

What is pneumocystis jiroveci?

Answer 22

Most common opportunistic AIDS infection that causes diffuse or perihilar infiltrate PNA

Question 23

What is esophageal candidiasis?

Answer 23

The most common aids defining condition caused by c albicans

Question 24

What is kaposi sarcoma?

Answer 24

Aids defining condition causing purple non blanching lesions

Question 25

What is mycobacterium avium?

Answer 25

Disseminated infection of persistent fever and weight loss

Question 26

What is cryptococcal meningitis?

Answer 26

Inhaled fungus that causes pulmonary nodules and infiltrates. Will spread to CNS.

Question 27

What is cytomegalovirus retinitis?

Answer 27

Most common retinal infection in AIDS causing retinal perivascular hemorrhages and white fluffy exudates

Question 28

What is toxoplasmosis?

Answer 28

Space occupying parasitic lesion in HIV brains