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ID/ENT > Gram - organism > Flashcards

Gram - organism Flashcards

1
Q

What populations are acinetobactor infections common?

A

Opportunistic infections so hospitalized, critical, immunocompromised

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2
Q

What does acinetobactor cause?

A

Variety of systemic infections
Commonly respiratory, esp tracheostomy tubes

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3
Q

How long does acinetobacter survive on surfaces?

A

Up to one month

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4
Q

What does Moraxella Catarrhalis cause?

A

Otitis Media
Sinusitis
COPD exacerbations

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5
Q

How many people are carriers of neisseria meningitidis?

A

40% of adults

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6
Q

Where are neisseria meningitidis outbreaks most common?

A

Military camps
College dorms
Daycares

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7
Q

When are neisseria meningitidis outbreaks most common?

A

Spring and winter

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8
Q

What is the treatment for Neisseria Meningitidis?

A

Rocephin (emperic)
PCN G (only if meningococcal)
Continue ABx for 5 days post fever

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9
Q

What does Neisseria Gonorrhoeae cause?

A

Gonorrhea, STI
also conjunctivitis in newborns
Yellow green discharge
Friable cervix

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10
Q

What do we use to treat Neisseria Gohorrhoeae?

A

Rocephin

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11
Q

What does the gram stain of N Gonorrhoeae look like?

A

Gram negative intracellular diplococci

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12
Q

What is the most common type of pseudomonas?

A

Aeruginosa

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13
Q

Where is pseudomonas found?

A

Water and soil

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14
Q

What does pseudomonas cause in healthy individuals?

A

Otitis externa
Corneal ulcers
UTI
Dermatitis
Osteochondritis after puncture through tennis shoe
Hot tub folliculitis

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15
Q

What does pseudomonas cause in immunocompromised patients

A

UTI
PNA - ICU related
Bacteremia
Sepsis

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16
Q

What is the outpatient treatment for pseudomonas?

A

Cipro or levofloxacin
(Tobramycin for inhaled for CF)

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17
Q

What is the inpatient treatment for pseudomonas?

A

pip/taz (Zosyn)
ceftazidime
cefepime (Maxipime)
meropenem
aztreonam

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18
Q

What does bordetella pertussis cause?

A

Whooping cough

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19
Q

What are the stages of whooping cough?

A

Catarrhal (insidious onset sneezing and cough)
Paroxysmal (coughing fits with whooping gasps for air)
Convalescent (sx improve but lingering cough)

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20
Q

What is the treatment for whooping cough?

A

Azithromycin
(2nd line is Bactrim)

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21
Q

What does H influenza cause?

A

Sinusitis
Otitis media
Bronchitis
Epiglottitis
Pneumonia
Meningitis
Endocarditis

22
Q

What does Legionella pneumophilia cause?

A

Legionnaires Disease Pneumonia

23
Q

What populations is Legionnaries more common in?

A

Immunocompromised, smokers, chronic lung disease

24
Q

What are common sources of Legionnaires disease?

A

CPAP machines, air conditioners, shower heads

25
Q

What does the chest x-ray of Legionnaires PNA show?

A

focal patchy infiltrations or consolidation

26
Q

What is the treatment for Legionnaires disease?

A

Macrolide (azithromycin or clarithromycin)
Fluroquinolone (levofloxacin)

27
Q

What does klebsiella pneumonia cause?

A

PNA in immunocompromised (alcoholics aspirating, diabetics, and HIV)
UTIs

28
Q

What color sputum is associated with klebsiella PNA?

A

Red currant jelly

29
Q

What is the treatment for klebsiella PNA?

A

Respiratory fluroquinolone (levo, moxi)
Carbapenem

30
Q

What is travellers diarrhea caused by?

31
Q

What is the treatment for travellers diarrhea?

A

Antimoltility/antidiarrheals
Pepto-Bismol
Cipro if severe

32
Q

What does campylobacter jejuni cause?

A

Inflammatory diarrhea

33
Q

What is the treatment for campylobacter jejuni?

A

Cipro
Azithromycin (not emperic)

34
Q

What does shigellosis cause?

A

Inflammatory diarrhea

35
Q

What is the treatment for shigellosis?

A

Cipro
Bactrim

36
Q

What does vibrio cholerae cause?

37
Q

What is cholera?

A

Non-inflammatory rice water stool

38
Q

What is the treatment for cholera?

A

Tetracycline (doxycycline)
Bactrim
azithromycin
Cipro

39
Q

What does cholera require?

A

susceptibility

40
Q

What are non-cholerae vibrio infections?

A

Enteric illness
Cellulitis

41
Q

What is the treatment for non-cholerae vibrio infections?

42
Q

What does salmonella cause?

A

Typhoid fever, enterocolitis

43
Q

What does salmonella stool look like?

A

Bloody pea soup diarrhea

44
Q

What does the salmonella rash look like?

A

Rose spots

45
Q

What is the treatment for salmonella?

A

Cipro/Levo
Rocephin
Azithromycin
(also Bactrim for enterocolitis)

46
Q

What is the treatment for UTI?

A

Bactrim
Macrobid
Fosfomycin
Keflex
Cipro (reserve if possible)

47
Q

What is the treatment for pyelonephritis?

A

Cipro
Levo
Keflex and Bactrim/Augmentin/Omnicef

48
Q

What does Yersinia pestis cause?

A

Black Plague

49
Q

What is the treatment for Bubonic Plague?

A

Streptomycin
Gentamicin
Doxycycline
Fluoroquinolone

50
Q

What is the preventative treatment for Bubonic Plague?

A

Doxycycline and Cipro

51
Q

What does francisella tularensis cause?

ID/ENT (11 decks)

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