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ID/ENT > Gram + organisms > Flashcards

Gram + organisms Flashcards

1
Q

Where are s. epidermis infections found?

A

Skin
Hospital acquired infections

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2
Q

Where are s. saprophyticus infections found?

A

UTI

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3
Q

Where are s. lugdunensis infections found?

A

Foreign body/prosthetic device infections

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4
Q

What are the coagulase positive staphs?

A

S aureus

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5
Q

What are the coagulase negative staphs?

A

S epidermis, s saprophyticus, s lugdunensis

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6
Q

How do you treat staph skin infections?

A

Low risk MSSA:
Keflex
Dicloxacillin
High risk MRSA:
Clindamycin
Doxycycline/minocycline
Bactrim
Inpatient:
Vancomycin

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7
Q

How do you treat staph osteomyelitis?

A

Broad: Vancomycin and 3/4 cephalosporin
MSSA: nafcillin, oxacillin, cefazolin
MRSA: vanc

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8
Q

What are the causes of TSS?

A

Staph or GABHS
Vagina/tampon use, nasopharynx/packing, wound/abscess packing

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9
Q

What is the clinical presentation of TSS?

A

Fs, hypotension, myalgias, N/V/D
Shedding rash on palms and soles
Hepatic damage, thrombocytopenia, confusion
Renal impairment, syncope, shock

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10
Q

What is the treatment for TSS?

A

Admission
Vanc + clindamycin + pip/taz or cefepime or carbapenem

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11
Q

What are the symptoms of scalded skin syndrome?

A

Widespread bullae with sloughing
fs, malaise
sepsis, electrolyte abnormalities

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12
Q

What is the treatment for scalded skin syndrome?

A

MSSA: nafcillin or oxaxillin
MRSA: vancomycin

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13
Q

What are the symptoms of staph food poisoning?

A

N/V/D cramping that start 2-8 hours after ingestion and resolve in 12 hours

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14
Q

What are the treatment for coagulase negative staphylococcal infections?

A

Vancomycin

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15
Q

What types of infections is Strep pyogenes associated with?

A

Pharyngitis
Skin infections

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16
Q

What types of infections is strep agalactiae associated with?

A

Septic abortion, illness in neonates
Normal flora in intestine and vagina

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17
Q

What type of infections is s. bovis associated with?

A

endocarditis

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18
Q

What condition does scarlet fever accompany?

A

Sore throat due to strep pharyngitis 2/2 strep pyogenes

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19
Q

What is the treatment for strep pharyngitis?

A

PCN G
PCN K
Amoxicillin
(if allergic Keflex or Omnicef, then last choice z-pack)

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20
Q

What is the classic presentation of scarlet fever?

A

A sunburn like sandpaper rash, strawberry tongue

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21
Q

What is impetigo caused by?

A

GABHS (or staph aureus)

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22
Q

What is the presentation of impetigo?

A

Focal vesicular pustular lesions with honey-colored crust

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23
Q

What is the treatment for impetigo without concern for MRSA?

A

Topical Bactroban
Keflex
Dicloxacillin

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24
Q

What is the treatment for impetigo with concern for MRSA?

A

Bactrim
Doxycycline
Clindamycin

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25
Q

What is erysipelas?

A

A painful superficial cellulitis with dermal lymphatic involvement that typically involves the face

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26
Q

What is erysipelas caused by?

A

GABHS (or staph aureus)

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27
Q

What is the outpatient treatment for erysipelas?

A

Penicillin
Amoxicillin
(also dicloxacillin, cephalexin, clinda/erythromycin)

28
Q

What is the inpatient treatment for erysipelas?

A

Vancomycin (covers s aureus)
cefazolin (Ancef)
ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
Clindamycin

29
Q

What is cellulitis caused by?

A

GABHS or staph

30
Q

What does group B/ strep agalactiae cause?

A

neonatal sepsis

31
Q

What is the treatment for a strep B+ mother?

A

PCN G
Ampicillin
Cefazolin
(or Clinda/Vanc)

32
Q

What does streptococcus pneumoniae cause?

A

Otitis Media
Sinusitis
Pneumonia
Meninges
Endocarditis

33
Q

What is the most common cause of CAP?

A

Strep pneumoniae (pneumococcal pneumonia)

34
Q

What are the most common causes of otitis media?

A

S. pneumo
M cat
H influenza

35
Q

What are risk factors for otitis media?

A

Smoking in the house
Family history
Bottle feeding

36
Q

What is the treatment for otitis media?

A

Amoxicillin
Augmentin/Omnicef
Rocephin (daily shot for 3 days)

37
Q

What causes acute sinusitis?

A

S aureus
S pneumoniae
M cat
H influenza

38
Q

What is the treatment for sinusitis?

A

Augmentin
Doxycycline/clinamycin

39
Q

What colored sputum is pneumococcal pneumonia?

A

Rust colored

40
Q

What x-ray findings would you suspect for someone with pneumococcal pneumonia?

A

lobar consolidation, sometimes with effusion

41
Q

When should you obtain a sputum culture for pneumonia?

A

For admission or if the patient has comorbidities

42
Q

What is the treatment for uncomplicated outpatient pneumonia?

A

Amoxicillin
Doxycycline
Azithromycin

43
Q

What is the treatment for complicated outpatient pneumonia?

A

Levofloxacin
Augmentin/cephalosporin + zmax/doxycycline

44
Q

What is the inpatient treatment for pneumonia?

A

Levofloxacin
Zmax + amoxicillin/ceftriaxone

45
Q

What are the most common causes of meningitis for children and young adults?

A

Baby - group B strep
kiddo - s. pneumoniae
Teen - neisseria meningitidis
S aureus with head trauma
H flu is rare but possible outside US bc HIB vax

46
Q

What is the most common cause of meningitis for adults?

A

S. pneumoniae
S aureus
N meningitidis (less common here)

47
Q

What is the most common causes of meningitis for elderly?

A

S. pneumoniae
S aureus
Listeria monocytogenes

48
Q

What are the most common infections associated with enterococcus?

A

UTI
Bacterimia
Endocarditis
Intra-abdominal infections
Wound infections

49
Q

What is the treatment for endocarditis?

A

ampicillin + gentacmicin

50
Q

What is the treatment for skin/wounds and UTIs?

A

Ampicillin or vanc (regardless of complexity)

51
Q

What if the patient has VRE? What is the treatment?

A

Linezolid
Daptomycin

52
Q

What are the three ways to get bacillus anthracis

A

Cutaneous
Ingestion
Inhalation

53
Q

What are all the CDC category A agents we discussed?

A

Bacillus anthracis

54
Q

What are the symptoms of cutaneus anthrax?

A

Painless black eschar
LAD
Fever, malaise, HA

55
Q

What are the symptoms of ingested anthrax?

A

Fevers, N/V, bloody diarrhea
GI bleed
Mouth/GI ulcers
Obstruction
Perferation

56
Q

What are the symptoms of inhaled anthrax?

A

Flu-like leading to severe hypoxemia and shock

57
Q

What is the treatment for anthrax?

A

Cipro
(doxycycline if you cant)

58
Q

What are the two types of infections that b cereus can cause?

A

Diarrheal and emetic

59
Q

What is commonly associated with b cereus?

A

Rice and leftovers

60
Q

What is the treatment for b cereus?

A

Nothing, usually self limiting and harmless

61
Q

What foods are associated with Listeria Monocytogenes?

A

Dairy
Raw Veggies
Meat

62
Q

What is the presentation of Listeria?

A

Bacteremia
Meningitis
Dermatitis
Oculoglandular symptoms

63
Q

What is the treatment for Listeria?

A

Ampicillin and gentamicin (inpatient)
amoxicillin (outpatient)

64
Q

What does corynebacterium diphtheriae cause?

A

Pharyngeal diphtheria
Nasal infection

65
Q

What is unique about pharyngeal diphtheria infections?

A

Cause a grey tonsillar/pharyngeal membrane

66
Q

What is the treatment for diphtheria?

A

Diphtheria equin antitoxin
PCN or erythromycin

ID/ENT (11 decks)

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