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APES > Hit Parade (ch9-10) > Flashcards

Hit Parade (ch9-10) Flashcards

1
Q

acid rain, acid hail, acid snow; all of which occur as a result of pollution in the atmosphere

A

acid precipitation

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2
Q

the effect caused by a short exposure to a high level of toxin

A

acute effect

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3
Q

a platinum-coated device that oxidizes most of the VOCs and some of the CO that would otherwise be emitted in exhaust, converting them to CO2.

A

catalytic converter

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4
Q

when materials, such as plastic or aluminum, are used to rebuild the same product. An example of this is the use of the aluminum from aluminum cans to produce more aluminum cans.

A

closed-loop recycling

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5
Q

a process that allows the organic material in solid waste to be decomposed and reintroduced into the soil, often as fertilizer

A

composting

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6
Q

when the signs and symptoms of an illness can be attributed to a specific infectious organism that resides in the building

A

building-related illness

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7
Q

an effect that results from long-term exposure to low levels of toxin

A

chronic effect

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8
Q

drilling a hole in the ground that’s below the water table to hold waste

A

deep well injection

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9
Q

occurs when infection causes a change in the state of health

A

disease

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10
Q

a process in which an organism is exposed to a toxin at different concentrations, and the dosage that causes the death of the organism is recorded

A

dose-response analysis

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11
Q

the result of graphing a dose-response analysis

A

dose-response curve

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12
Q

the point at which 50 percent o the test organisms show a negative effect from a toxin

A

ED50

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13
Q

an intensification of the Greenhouse Effect due to the increased presence of heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere

A

global warming

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14
Q

smog resulting from emissions from industry and other sources of gases produced by the burning of fossil fuels, especially coal

A

gray smog (industrial smog)

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15
Q

any waste that poses a danger to human health; it must be dealt with in a different way from other types of waste

A

hazardous waste

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16
Q

urban areas that heat up more quickly and retain heat better than nonurban areas

A

heat islands

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17
Q

radioactive wastes that produce high levels of ionizing radiation

A

high-level radioactive waste

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18
Q

the result of a pathogen invading a body

A

infection

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19
Q

the point at which 50 percent of the test organisms die from a toxin

A

LD50

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20
Q

the liquid that percolates to the bottom of a landfill

A

leachate

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21
Q

radioactive wastes that produce low levels of ionizing radiation

A

low-level radioactive waste

22
Q

any noise that causes stress or has the potential to damage human health

A

noise pollution

23
Q

pollution that does no have a specific point of release

A

non-point source pollution

24
Q

when materials are reused to form new products

A

open-loop recycling

25
Q

the thinning of the ozone layer over Antarctica (and to some extent, over the Arctic)

A

ozone holes

26
Q

bacteria, virus, or other microorganisms that can cause disease

A

pathogens

27
Q

usually formed on hot sunny days when NOx compounds, VOCs, and ozone combine to form smog with a brownish hue

A

photochemical smog

28
Q

a specific location from which pollution is released; an example of a location is a factory where wood is being burned

A

point-source pollution

29
Q

any substance that has an LD50 of 50 mg or less per kg of body weight

A

poison

30
Q

in a sewage treatment plant, the initial filtration that is done to remove debris such as stones, sticks, rags, toys, and other objects that were flushed down the toilet

A

physical treatment

31
Q

pollutants that are released directly into the lower atmosphere

A

primary pollutants

32
Q

when physically treated sewage water is passed into a settling tank, where suspended solids settle out as a sludge, chemically treated polymers may be added to help the suspended solids separate and settle out

A

primary treatment

33
Q

calculating risk, or the degree of likelihood that a person will become ill upon exposure to a toxin or pathogen

A

risk assessment

34
Q

using strategies to reduce the amount of risk (the degree of likelihood that a person will become ill upon exposure to a toxin or pathogen)

A

risk management

35
Q

pollutants that are formed by the combination of primary pollutants in the atmosphere

A

secondary pollutants

36
Q

the biological treatment of wastewater in order to continue to remove biodegradable waste

A

secondary treatment

37
Q

a condition in which the majority of a building’s occupants experience certain symptoms that vary with the amount of time spent in the building, without being able to identify a specified cause or illness

A

sick building syndrome

38
Q

the solids that remain after the secondary treatment of sewage

A

sludge

39
Q

a tank filled with aerobic bacteria that’s used to treat sewage

A

sludge processor

40
Q

can consist of hazardous waste, industrial solid waste, or municipal waste. Many types of solid waste provide a threat to human health and the environment

A

solid waste

41
Q

non-moving sources of pollution, such as facatories

A

stationary sources

42
Q

a program funded by the federal government and a trust that’s funded by taxes on chemicals; identifies pollutants and cleans up hazardous waste sites

A

Superfund Program

43
Q

the dosage level of a toxin at which a negative effect occurs

A

threshold dose

44
Q

the degree to which a substance is biologically harmful

A

toxicity

45
Q

any substance that is inhaled, ingested, or absorbed at dosages sufficient to damage a living organism

A

toxin

46
Q

ozone that exists in the troposphere

A

tropospheric ozone

47
Q

gave the EPA power to set emission standards for major sources of noise, including transportation, machinery, and construction

A

US Noise Control Act

48
Q

the carrier organism through which pathogens can attack, such as a tick

A

vector

49
Q

any water that has been used by humans. This includes human sewage, water drained from showers, tubs, sinks, dishwashers, washing machines, water from industrial processes, and storm water runoff

A

wastewater

50
Q

when the energy released from waste incineration is used to generate electricity

A

Waste-to-Energy (WTE) program

51
Q

a fiscal policy that lowers taxes on income, including wages and profit, and raises taxes on consumption, particularly the unsustainable consumption of non-renewable resources

A

green tax

52
Q

when companies are allowed to buy permits that allow them a certain amount of discharge of substances into certain environmental outlets. If they can reduce their amount of discharge, they are allowed to sell the remaining portion of their permit to another company.

A

market permits

APES (17 decks)

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