Energy Princeton Review

Question 1

Convection

Answer 1

Transfer of heat by the movement of heated matter

Question 2

Conduction

Answer 2

Transfer of energy through matter from particle to particle

Question 3

Three types of energy

Answer 3

Potential
Kinetic
Radiant

Question 4

Crude oil

Answer 4

Oil pumped up fresh from a reserve; can range from thin to viscous (thick); from high sulfur to low sulfur; it can vary in color and odor

Question 5

Types of coal ranked from purest to least pure (4)

Answer 5

Anthracite
Bituminous
Subbituminous
Lignite

Question 6

Underground mining

Answer 6

The sinking of shafts to reach underground deposits. Networks of tunnels are dug or blasted and humans can enter these tunnels to manually retrieve coal.

Question 7

Strip mining

Answer 7

The removal of the earths surface, all the way down to the level of the coal seam. The coal is removed and the overburden is replaced, topped with soil, the area is contoured and revegetated

Question 8

At this time, ____ is the most abundant fossil fuel, and it is used to generate electricity in over 50 percent of the power plants in the US

Answer 8

Coal

Question 9

Waste products/by products of burning coal for electricity

Answer 9

Carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, Mercury, sulfur dioxide,fly ash, boiler residue

Question 10

Hubbert Peak

Answer 10

The theory that the end of oil as a cheap and easily available form of energy is in the near future, and that we must begin to develop alternative fuel sources

Question 11

Nuclear Meltdown

Answer 11

Reactor loses coolant water and thus the very hot core melts through the containment building. The radioactive materials could then get into the groundwater

Question 12

Nuclear explosion

Answer 12

Gases generated by a uncontrolled core burst the containment vessel and spread radioactive materials in the environment

Question 13

Nuclear weapons

Answer 13

Some of the by-products of the fission reaction can be remade into fission bombs, or “dirty bombs” that spread damaging radioactive isotopes

Question 14

Highly radioactive waste

Answer 14

No longer usable cores, piping, and spent fuel rods need to stored for many centuries. The “spent” fuel can contain radioactive elements like plutonium-239 that has a half life of 2.13x10^6 years

Question 15

Nuclear Thermal pollution

Answer 15

The water used to cool turbines is turned to local bodies of water at a much higher temperature than when it was removed unless first cooled.

Question 16

Radioactive elements

Answer 16

Gamma rays produced by radioactive decay can damage cells and DNA, which can cause breast, thyroid, stomach, and leukemia cancer. Damage to the immune system can also result

Question 17

Nuclear concern for ones safety

Answer 17

People suffer from mental stress, anxiety, and depression caused by concerns for their safety, resulting in NIMBY syndrome