Hit Parade (ch 8)

Question 1

the use of devices, such as solar panels, to collect, focus, transport, or store solar energy

Answer 1

active collection

Question 2

the cleanest-burning coal; almost pure carbon

Answer 2

anthracite

Question 3

the unit used to describe the volume of fossil fuels

Answer 3

barrels

Question 4

the second-purest form of coal

Answer 4

bituminous

Question 5

the form petroleum takes when in the ground

Answer 5

crude oil

Question 6

the capacity to do work

Answer 6

energy

Question 7

a nuclear reaction in which an atomic nucleus, especially a heavy nucleus such as an isotope of uranium, splits into fragments, usually two fragments of comparable mass, releasing from 100 million to several hundred million electron volts of energy

Answer 7

fission

Question 8

a hydrocarbon deposit, such as petroleum, coal, or natural gas, derived from living matter of a previous geologic time and used for fuel

Answer 8

fossil fuel

Question 9

says that energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it can only be transferred and transformed

Answer 9

First Law of Thermodynamics

Question 10

a waste product produced by the burning of coal

Answer 10

fly ash

Question 11

the amount of time it takes for half of a radioactive sample to disappear

Answer 11

half-life

Question 12

an influential theory that concerns the long-term rate of conventional oil (and other fossil fuel) extraction and depletion. It predicts that future world oil production will soon reach a peak and then rapidly decline

Answer 12

Hubbert Peak (aka peak oil)

Question 13

power generated using water

Answer 13

hydroelectric power

Question 14

energy of motion

Answer 14

kinetic energy

Question 15

the least pure oil

Answer 15

lignite

Question 16

the process of fusing two nuclei

Answer 16

nuclear fusion

Question 17

the rocks and earth that are removed when strip mining for a commercially valuable mineral resource

Answer 17

overburden

Question 18

the use of building materials, building placement, and design to passively collect solar energy that can be used to keep a building warm or cool

Answer 18

passive solar energy collection

Question 19

oil, a hydrocarbon that forms as sediments are buried and pressurized

Answer 19

petroleum

Question 20

a semiconductor device that converts the energy of sunlight into electric energy

Answer 20

photovoltaic cell (PV cell)

Question 21

energy at rest, or stored energy

Answer 21

potential energy

Question 22

an estimate of the amount of fossil fuel that can be obtained from reserve

Answer 22

proven reserve

Question 23

sunlight

Answer 23

radiant energy

Question 24

devices containing alkaline substances that precipitate out much of the sulfur dioxide from industrial plants air effluent

Answer 24

scrubbers

Question 25

says that the entropy (disorder) of the universe is increasing. One corollary of this is the concept that, in most energy transformations, a significant fraction of energy is lost to the universe as heat.

Answer 25

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Question 26

involves the removal of the earth’s surface all the way down to the level of the mineral seam

Answer 26

strip mining

Question 27

the third purest form of coal

Answer 27

subbituminous

Question 28

involves the sinking of shafts to reach underground deposits. In this type of mining, networks of tunnels are dug or blasted and humans enter these tunnels in order to manually retrieve the coal

Answer 28

underground mining

Question 29

a group of modern turbines

Answer 29

wind farm