Hit parade (ch 7) Flashcards
The raising of fish and other aquatic species in captivity for harvest
Aquaculture
A fishing technique in which the ocean floor is literally scraped by heavy nets that smash everything in their path
Bottom trawling
Any other species of fish, mammals, or birds that are caught that are not the target organism
By-catch
Fish production in which fish are caught in the wild and not raised in captivity for consumption
Capture fisheries
The removal of all trees in an area
Clear cutting
The management or regulation of a resource so that its use does not exceed the capacity of the resource to regenerate itself
Conservation
The day to day use of environmental resources such as food, housing, and clothing
Consumption
A process in which rows of crops are plowed across a hillside; this prevents the erosion that can occur when rows are cut up and down on a slope
Contour plowing
The removal of trees for agricultural purposes or purposes of exportation
Deforestation
Nets that drift free in the water and indiscriminately catch everything in their path
Driftnets
The value of natural resources
Ecosystem capital
The industry or occupation devoted to he catching, processing, or selling of dish, shellfish, or other aquatic animals
Fishery
Open or forested areas built at the outer edge of a city
Greenbelt
Smoldering fires that take place in bogs or swamps and can burn underground for days or weeks. Originating from surface fires, they are difficult to detect and extinguish
Ground fires
The practice of planting bands of different crops across a hillside
Intercropping (aka strip cropping)
In fishing, the use of long lines that have baited hooks and will be taken by numerous aquatic organisms
Long lining
Poor nutrition that results from an insufficient or poorly balanced diet
Malnutrition
An area where a particular mineral is concentrated
Mineral deposit
The excavation of the earth for the purpose of extracting ore or minerals
Mining
When just one type of plant is planted in a large area
Monoculture
Biotic and abiotic natural ecosystems
Natural resources
Resources that are often formed by very slow geologic processes, so we consider them incapable of being regenerated within the realm of human existence
Nonrenewable resources
Refers to when farmers plant seeds without using a plow to turn the soil
No-till methods
A forest that has never been cut; these have not been seriously disturbed for several hundred years
Old growth forest
When grass is consumed by animals at a faster rate than it can regrow
Overgrazed
The maintenance of a species or ecosystem in order to ensure its perpetuation, with no concern as to their potential monetary value
Preservation
The use of environmental resources for profit
Production
Refers to resources, such as plants and animals, which can be regenerated if harvested at sustainable yields.
Renewable resources
Areas where cutting has occurred and a new, younger forest has arisen
Second growth forests
The removal of select trees in an area; this leaves the majority of the habitat in place and has less of an impact on the ecosystem
Selective cutting
When mature trees are cut over a long period of time (usually 10-20 years); this leaves mature trees, which can reseed the forest, in place
Shelter-wood cutting
The management of forest plantations for the purpose of harvesting timber
Silviculture
When an area of vegetation is cut down and burned before being planted with crops
Slash and burn
Fires that typically burn only the forests underbrush and do little damage to mature trees. These fires actually serve to protect the forest from more harmful fires by removing underbrush and dead materials that would burn quickly and at high temperatures
Surface fires
Piles of gangue, which is the waste material that results from mining
Tailings
When each family in a community grows crops for themselves and relies on animal and human labor to plant and harvest crops
Traditional subsistence agriculture
Creates flat platforms in the hillside that provide a level planting surface, which reduces soil runoff from the slope
Terracing
These are planted and managed tracts of trees at the same age that are harvested for commercial use
Tree farms (aka plantations)
The broad category under which selective cutting and shelter wood cutting fall; selective deforestation
Uneven-aged management
When trees and crops are planted together, creating a mutualistic symbiotic relationship between them
Agroforestry
