History Y8 Flashcards
What happened in the year 1597?
James, I wrote a book about how to find witches after the North Berwick Trials. It was called Demonology.
What happened on the 24th of March 1603?
Elizabeth, I died.
James VI of Scotland was crowned King James I of England.
What year was the gun powder plot discovered and the culprits were brought to justice?
5th November 1605
What happened in the year 1611?
The popular version of the English Bible was published by King James I.
When did Shakespear die?
23rd April 1616
What happened in August 1620?
The founding fathers of America set sail on the May Flower.
When did England descend into a civil war?
22nd August 1642
What happened on the 15th of February 1645?
The parliament created the New Model Army.
When did Charles I lose his head?
30th January 1649
What happened on the 11-12th September 1649?
Oliver Cromwell massacres the Irish in Drohedra
What happened in the year 1660?
Royal African Company was established to regulate the African slave trade.
What happened on the 29th May 1660?
Charles II restored to the throne
When did The Great Plague arrive in England?
March 1665
When did a baker start the Great Fire of London?
2nd September 1666
What happened on the 13th of February 1689?
Revolution meant change but in England we had a Glorious Revolution
What happened on the 16th of December 1689?
Joint Monarches William and Mary support the proclamation of Bill of Rights is confirmed by an act of parliament.
What happened in the year 1788?
Contradicted criminals including children as young as nine were transported to Australia penal colonies.
What happened in the year 1829?
Established by home secretary Robert Peel an act of Parliament created the metropolitan police force.
When was the murderous villain “Jack the Ripper” arrived out his crimes?
1888
What years was the English Civil war (Roundheads vs Cavaliers) fought between?
1642 to 1651
What does the term ‘roundhead’ originate to?
The short, cropped hairstyle worn by many Puritans a stark contrast to the longer ringlet and wigs fashionable with opposing cavaliers.
Who did the Cavaliers support?
The English King, Charles I
Who did the Roundheads support?
Parliament
Who did Charles believe appointed him as king.
God
What did Parliament do when King Charles had money worries?
Parliament refused to grant him money in 1629.
How long did Charles rule before calling another Parliament in 1640 to ask for money to fund war?
11 years
What was the Roundheads perspective on Parliament?
That only Parliament had the right to levy taxes and the king should come to an agreement with the Parliament before receiving any tax related income.
Which member of parliament persuaded parliament to create the New Model Army?
Oliver Cromwell
When did the New Model Army defeat the royalist army at Naseby under Oliver Cromwell’s command?
1645
What does historians see the Civil war as?
A war of religion
What did the King’s Cavalier followers prefered?
A ‘high’ form of Anglican worship similar to that of the Catholic Church.
How did the roundheads feel when the king’s wife was also catholic?
It made them suspicious as they tended to be more Puritans.
When did Charles outrage many of his Scottish Presbyterian subjects when he attempted to force a new Anglican-style Book of Common Prayer on them.
In 1637
Who usually fought for the king?
The rich lords and country gentlemen.
Where was the kings strongest support?
In the North, Wales, Devon, Cornwall and Summerset.
Where was Parliament most popular?
In the South, especially in London and other large towns and ports.
Who usually fought for Parliament?
Merchants, businessmen and Puritans.
Types of Soldiers
Who were the Cavalry?
Richer gentlemen on each side went into battle on horseback. They wore steel breast plates over thick leather coals. They tried to break through the enemy lines by firing their pistols and cutting men sown with swords.
Types of Soldiers
Who were the Pikemen?
A Pikeman’s job was to stand in front of the entire army with a 5-metre pole (a pike!) tipped with a sharpish piece of steel. As the enemy approached the dug one end into the ground and pointed the other sharp end at the charging cavalry. They often wore heavy armour and carried a sword.
Types of Soldiers
Who were the Musketeers?
A musket was a big, clumsy gun, It was so heavy that musketeers needed a stick to rest it on. The musket was fired using a ‘stick’ (piece of burning rope) to light the gunpowder that had been poured into the barrel. Hopefully, a ball (shot) would fly out and travel up to 400m. It was slow and dangerous process…there was always a change of accidently blowing a finger off.
How many clashes were there between Roundheads and Cavaliers during the English Civil War?
635
What happened to one Royalist General and his troop when they changed sides?
They were shot by their new allies because even though they switched sides, they forgot to change their sashes from the Cavalier Red to Roundhead Yellow.
What happened in October 1642?
Prince Rupert led the king’s cavalry during the battle of Edgehill.
What happened in March 1643?
Prince Rupert stopped the roundheads taking over royalist oxford
What happened in July 1643?
Prince Rupert captured Bristol
What happed in May 1644?
Prince Rupert captured other major ports
What happened in June 1644?
Prince Rupert saved York from roundheads attack
Who was Prince Ruperts best friend?
A poodle called ‘Boy’ who went everywhere with Rupert. Evern into battle!
What did the Roundheads think of Prince Rupert?
-During battles, they looked carefully across the battlefield for him…imagine the morale boost to have killed him…but no one seemed to be able to get close to him.
-Roundheads were very superstitious about Boy, saying he was an evil spirit whose mother was a witch.
-Roundhead soldiers claimed they had heard the dog taking in several languages and he could make himself invisible.
-Roundheads never wounded Rupert in battle…but they tried to wound him with words and pictures.
What does CATPAD stand for?
Content
Author
Tone
Purpose
Audience
Date
Who were the New Model Army?
-A well-trained, well-equipped, well-disciplined, well-organised army so it was well good!
-Officers chosen for ability not social standing.
-It was politically open to new ideas and most soldiers were Puritans and so they supported Cromwell.
-NMA was England first truly professional army.
-Cromwell made his troops live according to the rules of his religion and harshly punished anyone who broke his laws.
When was the battle of Marston Moor?
1644
When was the battle of Naseby?
1645
What happened on the 5th May 1645?
Charles, I surrendered to the Scots…hoping that he would be safe north of the border! BUT the Scots sold Charles to Parliament for £400,000 and he was imprisoned on Isle of Wight.
Who won the Civil war?
The Royalists lost the English Civil War
How many Members of Parliament voted to give Charles another chance?
240/286 MPs voted to give Charles another chance. But these 240 were barred from Parliament by Cromwell’s troops leaving just 46 MPs to vote on what to do with the King.
How many people chose to put Charles on Trial
26:20
Why was Charles put on trial?
treasons, murders, raping’s, burnings, damage and desolation He is therefore a tyrant, traitor and murderer and an enemy to the commonwealth of England.
What did the wife of one of the 68 judges who failed to turn up shouted out?
He has too much wit to be here
What happened on Saturday January 20th 1649?
Charles was bought to court by armed soldiers. A red velvet seat was placed for him to sit on. He famously refused to remove his hat. Of the 135 judges selected only 67 turned up.
What did Charles say when John Bradshaw asked him ‘Charles Stuart, do you plead innocent or guilty to these charges?’?
He laughed and refused to plead at all.
-I would know by what power I am called here. I want to know by what authority, I mean lawful.
-Remember that I am your King, your lawful King. I have a trust committed to me by God, by old and lawful descent; I will not betray it to answer a new unlawful authority.
How did Saturday 20th January 1649 end?
Charles refusing to plead innocent or guilty. He even refused to accept that the court had any legal right to put him on trial…Charles argued that the courts were the Kings courts and under his authority – so how could the King be put on trial in his own court?
What made Oliver Cromwell a Villain?
-Without OC the people would drown in blood
-He signed Charles I death warrant
-When OC died his coffin smelled of his foul stench
-His name and memory stunk even greater than his corps
-All the neighbouring Prince’s feared him
-Ambition got the better of him
-He appointed his own family members
-Cromwell is not fit to lick the king’s boot straps
What made Oliver Cromwell a hero?
-The people know protection and peace
-He ruled England, Scotland and Ireland alone from 1653 to 1658
-The days of OC were marvellous days of prosperity, liberty, peace
-Expressed love and hatred of the same person.
-An army general
-A genius on the battlefield
-He promoted people on their ability
-He created a New Model Army with soldiers disciplined and efficient regardless of their backgrounds.
What happened on day 3 of Charles I trial and execution?
71 judges turned up
Charles continues to wear a hat
Refuses to plea stating ‘there is no law to make your king a prisoner’ He was taken away from court after a few minuets.
What happened on day 4-5 of Charles I trial and execution?
Things hadn’t progressed.
A leading judge Algeron Sydney stated publically ‘firstly, the king cannot be tried in his own court and secondly, no man should be triad in this court’
What happened on day 7 of Charles I trial and execution?
Having met and decided Charles fate without him present, the judges decided to recall Charles on Saterday for the verdict. Charles returned to court (with his hat still on!) and John Bradshaw read the verdict. Charles tried to make a statement but wasn’t allowed to do so.
What happened to Charles I death warrant?
This court does judge that Charles Stuart as a tyrant, traitor, murderer and a public enemy shall be put to death by the severing of his head from his body. Signed by 59 judges on Tuesday 30th January