History Y8 Flashcards
1
Q
What happened in the year 1597?
A
James, I wrote a book about how to find witches after the North Berwick Trials. It was called Demonology.
2
Q
What happened on the 24th of March 1603?
A
Elizabeth, I died.
James VI of Scotland was crowned King James I of England.
3
Q
What year was the gun powder plot discovered and the culprits were brought to justice?
A
5th November 1605
4
Q
What happened in the year 1611?
A
The popular version of the English Bible was published by King James I.
5
Q
When did Shakespear die?
A
23rd April 1616
6
Q
What happened in August 1620?
A
The founding fathers of America set sail on the May Flower.
7
Q
When did England descend into a civil war?
A
22nd August 1642
8
Q
What happened on the 15th of February 1645?
A
The parliament created the New Model Army.
9
Q
When did Charles I lose his head?
A
30th January 1649
10
Q
What happened on the 11-12th September 1649?
A
Oliver Cromwell massacres the Irish in Drohedra
11
Q
What happened in the year 1660?
A
Royal African Company was established to regulate the African slave trade.
12
Q
What happened on the 29th May 1660?
A
Charles II restored to the throne
13
Q
When did The Great Plague arrive in England?
A
March 1665
14
Q
When did a baker start the Great Fire of London?
A
2nd September 1666
15
Q
What happened on the 13th of February 1689?
A
Revolution meant change but in England we had a Glorious Revolution
16
Q
What happened on the 16th of December 1689?
A
Joint Monarches William and Mary support the proclamation of Bill of Rights is confirmed by an act of parliament.
17
Q
What happened in the year 1788?
A
Contradicted criminals including children as young as nine were transported to Australia penal colonies.
18
Q
What happened in the year 1829?
A
Established by home secretary Robert Peel an act of Parliament created the metropolitan police force.
19
Q
When was the murderous villain “Jack the Ripper” arrived out his crimes?
A
1888
20
Q
What years was the English Civil war (Roundheads vs Cavaliers) fought between?
A
1642 to 1651
21
Q
What does the term ‘roundhead’ originate to?
A
The short, cropped hairstyle worn by many Puritans a stark contrast to the longer ringlet and wigs fashionable with opposing cavaliers.
22
Q
Who did the Cavaliers support?
A
The English King, Charles I
23
Q
Who did the Roundheads support?
A
Parliament
24
Q
Who did Charles believe appointed him as king.
A
God
25
What did Parliament do when King Charles had money worries?
Parliament refused to grant him money in 1629.
26
How long did Charles rule before calling another Parliament in 1640 to ask for money to fund war?
11 years
27
What was the Roundheads perspective on Parliament?
That only Parliament had the right to levy taxes and the king should come to an agreement with the Parliament before receiving any tax related income.
28
Which member of parliament persuaded parliament to create the New Model Army?
Oliver Cromwell
29
When did the New Model Army defeat the royalist army at Naseby under Oliver Cromwell's command?
1645
30
What does historians see the Civil war as?
A war of religion
31
What did the King's Cavalier followers prefered?
A 'high' form of Anglican worship similar to that of the Catholic Church.
32
How did the roundheads feel when the king's wife was also catholic?
It made them suspicious as they tended to be more Puritans.
33
When did Charles outrage many of his Scottish Presbyterian subjects when he attempted to force a new Anglican-style Book of Common Prayer on them.
In 1637
34
Who usually fought for the king?
The rich lords and country gentlemen.
35
Where was the kings strongest support?
In the North, Wales, Devon, Cornwall and Summerset.
36
Where was Parliament most popular?
In the South, especially in London and other large towns and ports.
37
Who usually fought for Parliament?
Merchants, businessmen and Puritans.
38
Types of Soldiers
Who were the Cavalry?
Richer gentlemen on each side went into battle on horseback. They wore steel breast plates over thick leather coals. They tried to break through the enemy lines by firing their pistols and cutting men sown with swords.
39
Types of Soldiers
Who were the Pikemen?
A Pikeman's job was to stand in front of the entire army with a 5-metre pole (a pike!) tipped with a sharpish piece of steel. As the enemy approached the dug one end into the ground and pointed the other sharp end at the charging cavalry. They often wore heavy armour and carried a sword.
40
Types of Soldiers
Who were the Musketeers?
A musket was a big, clumsy gun, It was so heavy that musketeers needed a stick to rest it on. The musket was fired using a 'stick' (piece of burning rope) to light the gunpowder that had been poured into the barrel. Hopefully, a ball (shot) would fly out and travel up to 400m. It was slow and dangerous process...there was always a change of accidently blowing a finger off.
41
How many clashes were there between Roundheads and Cavaliers during the English Civil War?
635
42
What happened to one Royalist General and his troop when they changed sides?
They were shot by their new allies because even though they switched sides, they forgot to change their sashes from the Cavalier Red to Roundhead Yellow.
43
What happened in October 1642?
Prince Rupert led the king's cavalry during the battle of Edgehill.
44
What happened in March 1643?
Prince Rupert stopped the roundheads taking over royalist oxford
45
What happened in July 1643?
Prince Rupert captured Bristol
46
What happed in May 1644?
Prince Rupert captured other major ports
47
What happened in June 1644?
Prince Rupert saved York from roundheads attack
48
Who was Prince Ruperts best friend?
A poodle called 'Boy' who went everywhere with Rupert. Evern into battle!
49
What did the Roundheads think of Prince Rupert?
-During battles, they looked carefully across the battlefield for him...imagine the morale boost to have killed him...but no one seemed to be able to get close to him.
-Roundheads were very superstitious about Boy, saying he was an evil spirit whose mother was a witch.
-Roundhead soldiers claimed they had heard the dog taking in several languages and he could make himself invisible.
-Roundheads never wounded Rupert in battle...but they tried to wound him with words and pictures.
50
What does CATPAD stand for?
Content
Author
Tone
Purpose
Audience
Date
51
Who were the New Model Army?
-A well-trained, well-equipped, well-disciplined, well-organised army so it was well good!
-Officers chosen for ability not social standing.
-It was politically open to new ideas and most soldiers were Puritans and so they supported Cromwell.
-NMA was England first truly professional army.
-Cromwell made his troops live according to the rules of his religion and harshly punished anyone who broke his laws.
52
When was the battle of Marston Moor?
1644
53
When was the battle of Naseby?
1645
54
What happened on the 5th May 1645?
Charles, I surrendered to the Scots...hoping that he would be safe north of the border! BUT the Scots sold Charles to Parliament for £400,000 and he was imprisoned on Isle of Wight.
55
Who won the Civil war?
The Royalists lost the English Civil War
56
How many Members of Parliament voted to give Charles another chance?
240/286 MPs voted to give Charles another chance. But these 240 were barred from Parliament by Cromwell’s troops leaving just 46 MPs to vote on what to do with the King.
57
How many people chose to put Charles on Trial
26:20
58
Why was Charles put on trial?
treasons, murders, raping's, burnings, damage and desolation He is therefore a tyrant, traitor and murderer and an enemy to the commonwealth of England.
59
What did the wife of one of the 68 judges who failed to turn up shouted out?
He has too much wit to be here
60
What happened on Saturday January 20th 1649?
Charles was bought to court by armed soldiers. A red velvet seat was placed for him to sit on. He famously refused to remove his hat. Of the 135 judges selected only 67 turned up.
61
What did Charles say when John Bradshaw asked him 'Charles Stuart, do you plead innocent or guilty to these charges?'?
He laughed and refused to plead at all.
-I would know by what power I am called here. I want to know by what authority, I mean lawful.
-Remember that I am your King, your lawful King. I have a trust committed to me by God, by old and lawful descent; I will not betray it to answer a new unlawful authority.
62
How did Saturday 20th January 1649 end?
Charles refusing to plead innocent or guilty. He even refused to accept that the court had any legal right to put him on trial…Charles argued that the courts were the Kings courts and under his authority – so how could the King be put on trial in his own court?
63
What made Oliver Cromwell a Villain?
-Without OC the people would drown in blood
-He signed Charles I death warrant
-When OC died his coffin smelled of his foul stench
-His name and memory stunk even greater than his corps
-All the neighbouring Prince's feared him
-Ambition got the better of him
-He appointed his own family members
-Cromwell is not fit to lick the king's boot straps
64
What made Oliver Cromwell a hero?
-The people know protection and peace
-He ruled England, Scotland and Ireland alone from 1653 to 1658
-The days of OC were marvellous days of prosperity, liberty, peace
-Expressed love and hatred of the same person.
-An army general
-A genius on the battlefield
-He promoted people on their ability
-He created a New Model Army with soldiers disciplined and efficient regardless of their backgrounds.
65
What happened on day 3 of Charles I trial and execution?
71 judges turned up
Charles continues to wear a hat
Refuses to plea stating 'there is no law to make your king a prisoner' He was taken away from court after a few minuets.
66
What happened on day 4-5 of Charles I trial and execution?
Things hadn't progressed.
A leading judge Algeron Sydney stated publically 'firstly, the king cannot be tried in his own court and secondly, no man should be triad in this court'
67
What happened on day 7 of Charles I trial and execution?
Having met and decided Charles fate without him present, the judges decided to recall Charles on Saterday for the verdict. Charles returned to court (with his hat still on!) and John Bradshaw read the verdict. Charles tried to make a statement but wasn't allowed to do so.
68
What happened to Charles I death warrant?
This court does judge that Charles Stuart as a tyrant, traitor, murderer and a public enemy shall be put to death by the severing of his head from his body. Signed by 59 judges on Tuesday 30th January
69
What is in the middle of the triangle of the transatlantic slave trade?
The Doldrums
70
Between what years did parliament have to make some very big decisions?
1660-1714
71
What happened in 1660?
Cromwells rule hasn't worked.
72
What happened in 1688?
James II has been a disaster as a monarch. We'll ask his Protestant daughter Mary and her husband William to come from the Netherlands and reign.
73
What happened in 1714?
Queen Anne has died without any childeren to succeed her. We'll ask her Protestant relative George of Hanover, to be our king.
74
What happened in 1701?
Must make sure that only Protestants inherit the throne
75
When was the glorious revoluton?
1688
76
When was the bill of rights?
1689
77
When did Charles II die?
1685
78
What happened on 10th June 1688
James's second wife, Mary of Modena, gave birth to a son called James.
79
What did people think about James and Mary's son ,James?
They thought he was another baby that had been smuggled into the queens bed in a warming pan.
80
What happened in November 1688?
William Orange landed in Devon with an army of 14,000 men.
81
What did a group of senior MP do after the warming pan baby incident?
They asked James's elder daughter , Mary, and her husband ,William, to oppose James.
82
Who was Mary and William?
They were Protestant rulers of Holland
83
True or False?
James army did little to oppose William as he marched slowly to London?
TRUE
84
Why did James army do little to oppose William?
Many of James's supporters, incluing John Churchill, James's senior and highly skilled general, and his soldiers changed sides.
85
Where did James send his wife and baby for safety?
France
86
Who spotted James in France?
Fishermen in Kent
87
Why did William decide to let James escape from London?
It was difficult to know what to do with him.
88
Who was James welcomed by after he escaped to safety?
King Louis XIV of France
89
When did parliament meet and declare the throne to be vacant?
January 1689
90
Did William and Mary accept the offer to be crowned King and Queen?
Yes, but only if they accepted parliament's conditions
91
When was the bill of rights?
1689
92
What important points did the bill of rights include?
The agreement of parliament was needed:
-For an army to be kept in peacetime
-For all taxes
-Before any law could be set aside
-There had to be freedom of speech in Parliament
-No catholic could become a monarch
93
What was the long title of the bill of rights?
An Act Declaring the Rights and Liberties of the Subject and Settling the Succession of the Crown.
94
When did Mary die?
1694. Without leaving any childeren
95
Who was due to inherit the throne when William died?
Mary's sister, Anne
96
Who was Mary's sister, Anne, married to?
Prince George of Denmark
97
How old was Anne and George's child when he died?
11 years old in 1700
98
Who was next to inherit the throne after Anne and George?
Anne's half-brother, James - the warming pan baby- child of her father, James 11's second marriage and a catholic.
99
When did parliament pass the Act of Settlement?
1701
100
What did the Act of Settlement state?
That is William nor Anne had any more children, the crown would pass, on Anne's death, to the Protestant Sophia of Hangover and her successors.
101
Who became king in 1714?
Sophia of Hangover's son, George.
102
When was parliament made up of the House of Lords and the House of Commons?
17th century
103
Who were the House of Lords?
People who were born into a noble family
104
Who were the House of Commons?
People who had been elected
105
Who could vote in general elections?
Only men with wealth or property
106
Who appointed government ministers?
The king
107
Who decided how much money to give the king out of taxes?
Parliament
108
Who could become MPs?
Only men and no catholics
109
Were MPs paid?
No, they had to have had private wealth
110
How many days were the polls of the election open for?
seven days
111
What did the candidates pay for of those they thought would be voting for them?
Transport, boarding, lodging, feasts and celebrations
112
How would people vote?
People would climb onto a platform and shout out the name of the person for whom they were voting for.
113
What is the name of the platform voters would stand on?
The hustings
114
How old was George I when he became King of Britain in 1714?
54
115
Did George I and II like England?
No
116
Who did George I and II rely on to run the country?
A group of leading English nobles and gentry in parliament.
117
What was the group of people who ran the county for George I and II called?
The Cabinet
118
Who was Sir Robert Walpole?
A Norfolk Landowner and MP for King's Lynn
119
How long was Sir Robert Walpole leading minister?
21 years (1721-42)
120
What was Sir Robert Walpole's official name?
First Lord of the Treasury
121
What did Walpole get as a present from the King?
10 Downing Street in London
122
Did Walpole refuse the gift from the King?
Yes
123
What did Walpole do instead of accepting the house as a personal gift?
He asked the king to make it the official home and office of all future first lords of the treasury.
124
When did Walpole move into 10 Downing Street in London?
22nd September 1735
125
Who were occasionally summond by the monarch of France?
The Estates (a sort of French parliament)
126
What happened in 1789?
France exploded in a bloody revolution.
127
Who was imprisoned and later executed in France?
King Louis XVI
128
What happened by the end of the 18th century?
Britain dominated global trade
129
What did the domination of Britain bring with it?
Great wealth
people rich
transforming many british towns and cities
130
What changed the most when Britain dominated global trade?
Britain's ports. Particularly Liverpool, Bristol and London
131
How many men contributed to the development of the city of Liverpool?
4
132
What did the 4 men who helped develope the city of Liverpool have in common?
They were all involved in the transatlantic slave trade.
132
Who else was involved with the transatlantic slave trade?
Hundreds of slave owners and merchants and traders
132
The money from the slave trade people invested into Britain into?
Banking
Industry
Global trade
development of towns and cities
133
What other countries profited from the slave trade?
Portugal
Spain
Netherlands
Denmark
France
134
How many Africans did the British ships transport across the Atlantic between the 17th and 19th centuries?
three and a quarter million
135
Where did all the slaves end up?
West Indies and the Americas
136
Where were slaves taken to work on plantations?
British colonies
137
What grew on the plantations?
Sugar
tobacco
cotton
138
How did we Know about the transatlantic slave trade?
Answer 1
Anti-slavery campaign publications:
From the 1790s, some people who opposed slavery began researching what conditions were like for slaves and publishing their findings. Some former slaves published accounts of their lives
139
How did we Know about the transatlantic slave trade?
Answer 2
Business Accounts:
Plantation owners and slave traders kept records of their finances and their property, including slaves.
140
How did we Know about the transatlantic slave trade?
Answer 3
Colonial office records:
The governors of colonies kept records of things like imports, which at the time included slaves, and exports from their colonies, as well as reporting on slave rebellions
141
How did we Know about the transatlantic slave trade?
Answer 4
Newspapers:
These sometimes contained adverts for the sale of slaves, details of auctions and information on runaway slaves.
142
How did we Know about the transatlantic slave trade?
Answer 5
Artefacts:
Objects that have survived from the past, such as items used on plantations.
143
How did we Know about the transatlantic slave trade?
Answer 6
Legal records:
As slaves were considered as property, their owners included them in things like wills and insurance records.
144
How did we Know about the transatlantic slave trade?
Answer 7
Journals and diaries:
Some slave traders and plantation owners kept diaries of their lives.
145
How did we Know about the transatlantic slave trade?
Answer 8
Ships' log books:
Captains kept records of their cargoes, including slaves, as well as recording their origin and destination
146
What was the Kingdom of Benin?
One of the most developed kingdoms in Africa
147
How long did the Kingdom of Benin last for?
From the 15th to the 19th century.
148
What did early explorers describe Benin as?
Very well organised
Clean
Free from crime
Happy residents
149
Who ruled Benin City?
King, known as the Oba, but there was also an organised system of government, guilds and law courts.
150
What was Benin city known for?
Gold and Bronze
Skilled metalworkers
Ivory and cotton cloth
Trading slaves
151
What was the capital city of the Songhai Empire?
Gao
152
What were the main cities of the Songhai Empire?
Gao and Timbuktu and were located on the River Niger
153
What was another major trade route between the Songhai Empire and Benin City?
The River Niger
154
What would the goods be transferred onto and taken across the Sahara Desert to North Africa and ,eventually, Europe and Asia?
Camels
155
Where had the slaves been taken in Africa?
Taken as captives during war or had been kidnapped.
156
What happened to the slaves after they had been marched to the coast?
They were imprisoned in wooden cages called barracoons, or in large stone forts built by European traders.
157
What happened when the ships arrived from Europe?
The captains would give gifts and pay taxes to local African leaders, before exchanging their goods for the slaves.
158
What did the African slave traders have to do as the demand for slaves in the Americas grew?
Had to become even more active and aggressive to capture enough slaves.
159
What did Europeans often trade in exchange for slaves?
Guns
160
What is this called:
More guns meant more war.
More war meant that more slaves were captured?
Vicious Cycle
161
What were people left behind in Africa affected by?
Famine as there were not enough farmers left.
Entire communities disappeared as people fled away from the slave trading routes.
162
What is the shipping of slaves from West Africa to the Americas called?
The trade triangle
163
Between the 16th and 19th centuries how many Africans were shipped across the Atlantic on a route known as the Middle Passage?
12 to 15 million
164
From Ship log book how many of the 12 to 15 million slaves died on the middle passage due to the horrendous conditions on the ships?
10 to 20 per cent
165
True of false:
Each and every one of the slaves listed were bought and sold as property, not as human beings.
TRUE
166
Would slaves have any legal rights?
NO
167
What would happen if a slave had a child?
That child would become the property of the mother's owner.
168
Where would slaves be taken after sale?
To their respective jobs
169
What jobs would slaves perform?
Feild slaves and domestic slaves
Blacksmithing
Working on plantations (where a large amount of labour was required)
170
What happened during 1629-1640?
Charles dissolved parliament for 11 years.
