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Louisa FlashCards > Geography YR8 > Flashcards

Geography YR8 Flashcards

1
Q

What is swash?

A

When the waves break.

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2
Q

What is backwash?

A

The water that drags back into the sea.

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3
Q

What is fetch?

A

length of water over which the wind blows

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4
Q

What is pravailling wind?

A

The most common wind direction

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5
Q

What causes a wave to break?

A

Waves break in shallow water because the bottom of the wave slows down due to increased friction with the sea bed. The top of the wave collapses and rushes up the beach as swash.

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6
Q

What are the elements of a constructive wave?

A

Wave hight: Low
Wave Frequency: 8-10 per minute
Swash: Strong
Backwash: Weak
Beach Profile: Flat

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7
Q

What are the elements of a destructive wave?

A

Wave Hight: High
Wave Frequency: 10-14 per minute
Swash: Weak
Backwash: Strong
Beach Profile: Steep

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8
Q

Which lines on a map grid is the eastings?

A

Vertical

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9
Q

Which lines on a map gride is the northings?

A

Horizontal

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10
Q

How big is each square on a grid map?

A

1km by 1km

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11
Q

What is erosion?

A

Where the action of the sea wears away the land and creates landforms.

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12
Q

What is transportation?

A

The action of the waves can move sediment (pieces of rock and sand) along the coastline. Some wave action can move sediment along the coastline in the process called longshore drift.

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13
Q

What is deposition?

A

Where the sediment is deposited.

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14
Q

What does it mean by primary jobs?

A

these are jobs involved with exploiting natural resources, such as the land, the forests and the sea.

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15
Q

What does it mean by secondary jobs?

A

secondary jobs involve making products (manufacturing), often using the raw materials extracted by people working in the primary sector.

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16
Q

What does it mean by tertiary jobs?

A

these jobs involve providing a service for people.

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17
Q

What does it mean by quaternary jobs?

A

this is a relatively new type of economic activity and is focused on the high-tech, computer sector of the economy. It involves research, information and advice.

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18
Q

What happened during the time of the pre-industrial?

A

The UK in 1750.
Most peoplelive and work in the countryside.
Most people worked on the land, but there were some cottage industries like weaving.
A small proportion of people would have worked in the tertiary industry. Whatsort of jobs do you think they would be doing?

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19
Q

What is Hydraulic action?

A

Where water is forced into cracks in the rocks and breaks them appart.

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20
Q

What is Abrasion?

A

Where rocks and stones in the sea gets scraped and thrown at the cliffs, wearing them away.

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21
Q

What is Solution?

A

Where salts and minerals get dissolved in the sea water.

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22
Q

What is Attrition?

A

Where rocks are bashed against each other and get rounded off.

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23
Q

What is a headland?

A

Where a piece of hard rock juts out into the sea.

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24
Q

What is a bay?

A

An indent in the coastline.

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25
Q

What are the stages of landforms of coastal erosion?

A
  1. Crack
  2. Cave
  3. Arch
  4. Stack
  5. Stump
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26
Q

What happens in stage one of landforms of coastal erosion?

A
  1. CRACK
    Abrasion enlarges the crack
27
Q

What happens in stage two of landforms of coastal erosion?

A
  1. CAVE
    Eventually the crack enlarges to form a cave.
28
Q

What happens in stage three of landforms of coastal erosion?

A
  1. ARCH
    The back of the cave gets eroded away to form an arch.
29
Q

What happens in stage four of landforms of coastal erosion?

A
  1. STACK
    The top of the arch collapses and it forms a stack.
30
Q

What is sediment?

A

The natural material that is formed by weathering and erosion of rocks.

31
Q

What is Traction?

A

Rolling large boulders along the sea bed.

32
Q

What is Saltation?

A

Bouncing smaller rocks along in a leapfrog action.

33
Q

What is Suspension?

A

Carrying small particles in the water column.

34
Q

What happened during the Agricultural Revolution?

A

-Changes of farming improved food production
-Enclosure of fields forced people off the land for the rich people.

35
Q

What is the longshore drift?

A

The zig-zag movement of sediment along the coast.

36
Q

What is the Clark-fisher model?

A

An employment structure is the proportion of people who work in each of the employment sectors.

37
Q

What is the impact of the Industrial revolution on the landscape of the UK.

A

Factories and mills grew in cities.
train lines grew across the countryside connecting cities.

38
Q

What happened to the employment structure of the UK.

A

The UK was now industrial.
The amount of people working in the secondary sector had risen fast.
People were working in the cotton mills and factories, and Britain was called ‘The Workshop of the World’.

39
Q

What happened during the rise of the middle classes?

A

The Industrial Revolution saw an increase in affluence of many people.
These people were not the aristocracy, but they were also not poor. They tended to work in offices, not in factories and or down the mines.
They lived in urban areas and would have been able to send their children to school.
Middle class people would have had domestic servants such as maid and cooks.
They also had more disposable income, meaning the rise of retail – shops.
This all fueled the rise in the tertiary sector.

40
Q

What happened during Stage 1 – High Stationary

A

Birth and death rates are both high.
The overall population is low – it is estimated by John Rickman (who carried out the first census) to be 5.5 million in 1700, and 6.5 million by 1750.

41
Q

What happened during Stage 2 – Early Expanding

A

Birth rates remain high for the same reasons as before.
However, death rates start to fall.
UK – 1760-1880

42
Q

What happened during Stage 3 – Late expanding

A

Now the birth rate starts to drop.
The death rate continues to drop.
UK – 1880-1940

43
Q

Is this related to the death rate or birth rate:
Small pox vaccination made compulsory in 1853

A

Death

44
Q

Is this related to the death rate or birth rate:
The Coal Mines Act of 1842 banned boys under 10 and girls for any age working in a coal mine.

A

Death

45
Q

Is this related to the death rate or birth rate:
In 1867 Louis Pateur started using carbolic acid to sterilise his surgical instruments. This was the first use of antiseptics.

A

Death

46
Q

Is this related to the death rate or birth rate:
In 1859 the construction began of the London Main Drainage Scheme

A

Death

47
Q

Is this related to the death rate or birth rate:
Education Act of 1870 meant that schooling bacame compulsory for children aged 5-10. It cost 4p a week.

A

Birth

48
Q

Is this related to the death rate or birth rate:
In towns with a death rate over 23 per 1000 in the local authority had to ensure that all newly built houses have lavatories.

A

Birth

49
Q

What happens in stage one of the Demographic transition Model?

A

High birth rate because:
Lack of family planning
childeren needed to work
most babies died very young of deseases
high infant mortality

High death rate because:
infectious diseases
1720-1740 cheep gin
lack of personal hygine
poor diet

50
Q

What happened during stage 2 of the demographic transition model?

A

High birth rate because:
falling death rate
agricultural Rev. improves diet
cheap soap- people could wash
cheap coal- people could heat homes
clothes made of cotton
advances in medicine

51
Q

When does an aging population occor?

A

When there is an increasing proportion of older people in a country

52
Q

What does deindustrilistation mean?

A

Where factories are no longer in use

53
Q

What does suburbanisation mean?

A

People moving to the suburbs

54
Q

What are the suburbs?

A

On the edge of cities

55
Q

What does counter-urbanisation mean?

A

People moving out of the urban area to the rural areas around

56
Q

What is the rural-urban fringe?

A

The very edge. On the edge of the suburbs

57
Q

What is the north- south divide?

A

Further north you go the unemployment percentage goes up.

58
Q

What is the longshore drift?

A

the movement of sediment along the beach in the direction of the wind

59
Q

What does the term Urbanisation mean?

A

An increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas.

60
Q

What is the Clark Fisher Model?

A

An employment structure is the proportion of people who work in each of the employment sectors

61
Q

What seas border Asia?

A

North- Artic Ocean
East- Pacific Ocean

62
Q

What is the larges country in Asia?

A

Russia

63
Q

What is the most populated country in Asia?

A

China

Louisa FlashCards (15 decks)

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