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[3] NUR114 | FUNDAMENTALS > History of Nursing > Flashcards

History of Nursing Flashcards

1
Q

Instinctive or Untaught largely based on common sense based on effects of past experience, not based on scientific training or formal education

A

Intuitive Nursing

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2
Q

Nursing was a function that belonged to __________, especially in nomadic tribes.

A

women

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3
Q
  • Evil Invasion
  • Voodoo or Black Magic
A

Illness

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4
Q
  • Witch Doctor/Medicine Man
  • Has White Magic (Healing Power)
A

Shaman

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5
Q
  • Hole drilled in skull via rock or stone without
    anesthesia
A

Trephination

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6
Q

★ Roots of western civilization
★ Birthplace of Judaism, Christianity, and
Mohammedanism

A

NURSING IN THE NEAR EAST

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7
Q

Metropolis of the near east

A

BABYLONIA

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8
Q

Ruler from 1945 B.C to 1902 B.C

A

King Hammurabi

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9
Q

Babylonian legal text excavated on 1849
★ Provided laws that covered every facet of babylonian life including medical practice

A

CODE OF HAMMURABI

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10
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
In the era of Babylonia, there was a mention of nursing

A

FALSE
There was no mention of nursing in Babylonia

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11
Q

Where embalming was introduced
There was a record of over 250 diseases

A

EGYPT

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12
Q

Embalming is also know as __________

A

Mummification

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13
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
In Egypt, there was no mention of nursing

A

TRUE

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14
Q

● Strongly believes in spirits and demons
● Prohibition dissection of the dead human body

A

CHINA

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15
Q

★ Prescribed methods for treating wounds, infection and muscular afflictions.
★ Study of the action of drugs on healthy humans.

A

Materia Medica (Pharmacology)

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16
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
In China, there was no mention of nursing but they presumed males as in charge of nursing the sick

A

FALSE
They presumed FEMALES as in charge of nursing the sick

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17
Q

● Men of medicine built hospitals
● Practice intuitive form of asepsis

A

INDIA

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18
Q

Absence of bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms.

A

Asepsis

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19
Q

● Proficient in the practice of medicine and surgery. ➔ Nursing was first mentioned in this era, by the first lay brothers or the priest nurses

A

INDIA

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20
Q

★ Made a list of functions and qualifications of
nurses.
★ Priest-nurses are described as a combination
of pharmacists, masseurs, physical therapists
and cooks.

A

Sushurutu/Susruta

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21
Q

Contributed to the decline of medical practice
when the religion itself fell in this era.

A

Buddhism

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22
Q

● Nursing was task of untrained slave
● Women were considered inferior to men.

A

GREECE

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23
Q

Father of Medicine in Greek Mythology

A

Aesculapius

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24
Q
  • Symbol of identity of medical profession today
  • Composed of the staff travelers intertwined with 2 serpents
A

Caduceus

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25
Q

★ Father of Medicine in Reality
- Was given the title father of medicine due to his notable contributions to medical practice.
- Developed philosophy of medicine and practiced medical ethics.
- Rejected the belief that the origin of disease could be found in the supernatural.
- Did not entrust care of the sick to untrained lay persons but to medical students; so the role of nurses wasn’t also mentioned.

A

Hippocrates

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26
Q

● In this era, Illness was considered a sign of weakness.
● Care of the sick was left to the slaves and Greek physicians
● Converted to christianity and left their pleasure-seeking like, and some chose to take good care of the seek (ex. Story of Fabiola)

A

ROME

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27
Q

➔ Beginning of Organized Nursing
➔ Built hospitals were staffed by religious orders who dedicated their lives to the care of the patients

A

APPRENTICE NURSING

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28
Q

APPRENTICE NURSING is the period of “__________”.

A

“On-the-job training”

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29
Q

● Established hospitals were staffed with men who served as nurses for those who were wounded in war

A

THE CRUSADERS

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30
Q

The CRUSADERS considered their time as the __________ during which the christian soldiers fought to recapture the holy land from the muslims.

A

“Holy Wars”

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31
Q

● Found in Rhodes, Malta
● Teutonic Knights
- Fought in the battlefield and after every fight would retire to nurse the wounded.
★ Tent nursing for wounded

A

KNIGHTS OF ST. JOHN OF JERUSALEM

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32
Q

Fought in the battlefield and after every fight would retire to nurse the wounded.

A

Teutonic Knights

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33
Q

Established hospitals primarily for nursing of the lepers

A

KNIGHTS OF SAINT LAZARUS

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34
Q

● Founded in 1384
● Established the Alexian Brothers Hospital School
of Nursing in Chicago
- Largest school of nursing under religious auspices. exclusively for men in the U.S
● Closed in 1969

A

ALEXIAN BROTHERS

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35
Q

Established by the ALEXIAN BROTHERS

A

Alexian Brothers Hospital School
of Nursing in Chicago

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36
Q

Largest school of nursing under religious auspices. exclusively for men in the U.S

A

Alexian Brothers Hospital School of Nursing in Chicago

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37
Q

● Founded by queens, princesses, and other royal ladies.
★ Rise of Secular Orders - Augustinians
- Poor Clares
- Beguines
- Benedictines - Ursulines
- Tertiaries

A

RELIGIOUS NURSING ORDERS

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38
Q

● Located in Paris
★ It is where Augustinian nurses nursed patients

A

HOTEL DIEU

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39
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
In Paris, the hospitals were poorly ventilated and the beds were filthy. Practice of environmental sanitation and asepsis were non-existent.

A

TRUE

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40
Q

Arose in the 12th to 16th Century

A

NURSING SAINTS

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41
Q

● Founder of the 2nd order of St. Francis of Assisi
● Took care of the sick particularly the lepers in the convent of San Damiano

A

ST. CLARE (1194-1253)

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42
Q

★ The first to be called “Lady with a lamp” before Florence Nightingale.
● Nursed patients in the hospital of Santa Maria de la Scala and in their homes.

A

ST. CATHERINE OF SIENNA (1347-1380)

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43
Q

● Organized the works of charity to have directions
● LA CHARITE
- an organization of women
● Founder of the “The Community of the Sisters
Charity” a charity dedicated to serving God in caring for the sick, the poor, the orphaned, and the widowed.

A

VINCENT DE PAUL

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44
Q

An organization of women

A

LA CHARITE

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45
Q

● Founded by VINCENT DE PAUL
● A charity dedicated to serving God in caring for the sick, the poor, the orphaned, and the widowed.

A

“The Community of the Sisters Charity”

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46
Q

★ She was also known as de MARILLAC
● Co-foundress and the first superior of the charity.

A

LOUISE DE GRAS

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47
Q

● An era that gave arise to some violent conflicts
● Contributed to the rise of protestantism.

A

THE REFORMATION

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48
Q
  • Head of the Reformation Movement
  • Initiated significant changes in the church and society to counteract some abuses
A

Martin Luther King

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49
Q

● Focused on the peaceful mean of change through prayers and witnessing to a life of sacrifice
● A movement that encouraged a virtuous Christian life but discouraged violent conflicts.

A

THE COUNTER-REFORMATION

50
Q

● Also known as “Rebirth”
● Care of the sick was entrusted to those who were proven guilty of a crime of theft.
● Caretakers were not given humane facilities like food and shelter

A

RENAISSANCE

51
Q

The RENAISSANCE was also known as the __________

A

Dark Nursing Period

52
Q

● Writer who depicted the inhuman situation of the caretakers
● He wrote a novel entitled Martin Chuzzlewit in which 2 characters Sairey (Sarah) Gamp and Betzy Praeg (Prog) portrayed the roles of such thieves who were given the task of taking care of the sick as a form of punishment.

A

CHARLES DICKENS

53
Q

CHARLES DICKENS wrote a novel entitled (1) __________ in which 2 characters (2) __________ and __________ portrayed the roles of such thieves who were given the task of taking care of the sick as a form of punishment.

A

(1) Martin Chuzzlewit
(2) Sairey (Sarah) Gamp and Betzy Praeg (Prog)

54
Q

● Bethlehem hospital in London
● Tickets were sold to the public to show the insane (showed inhuman approach)

55
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Doctors in BEDLAM were not convinced of the need for training nurses

A

FALSE
They were CONVINCED of the need for training nurses

56
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Books were prepared, but those sent for training did not know how to read
Protestant and Catholic groups established nursing orders

57
Q

● Located at Kaiserswerth, Germany
● 1st organized training school for nurses
● It was where Florence Nightingale received some of her training and inspiration for the establishment of a school of nursing.

A

DEACONESS SCHOOL OF NURSING

58
Q

● First laywoman who worked as a nurse on the north american continent
● Founder of the Hotel Dieu of Montreal on october 1644

A

JEANNE MANCE

59
Q

Establishment founded by Jeanne Mance

A

Hotel Dieu of Montreal (October, 1644)

60
Q

American nurse who founded the Sisters of Charity of Emmetsburg in Maryland in 1908

A

ELIZABETH SETON

61
Q

Founded by Elizabeth Seton

A

Sisters of Charity of Emmetsburg in Maryland (1908)

62
Q

Organized a school of nursing under the direction of Dr. Joseph Warrington in 1839.

A

The Nurse Society of Philadelphia

63
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
A Women’s hospital in Philadelphia, established a five-month course in nursing.

A

FALSE
It was a SIX-month course in nursing

64
Q

● Not a nurse but appointed Superintendent of Female Volunteer nurses to take care of the wounded for US government
★ Established Nurse Corps of the United States Army.

A

DOROTHEA LYNDE DIX

65
Q

Established by DOROTHEA LYNDE DIX

A

Nurse Corps of the United States Army

66
Q

Founder of the American Red Cross

A

CLARA BARTON

67
Q

OTHER VOLUNTEERS
● (1) __________ - Author
● (2) __________ - Poet
● (3) __________ - Humanitarian

A

(1) Louisa May Alcott
(2) Walt Whitman
(3) Mary Ann Bickerdyke

68
Q

● Born on May 12, 1920, in Florence, Italy
● June 15, 1860 - Cornerstone of nursing in England was laid
★ Recognized as the Mother of Nursing

A

FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE

69
Q

When the cornerstone of nursing in England was laid

A

June 15, 1860

70
Q

● Decent living room quarters for students
● Paid nurse instructors (by both school and hospital) correlation of theory and practice
● Students should be taught of the “why not only the “how”

A

NIGHTINGALE SYSTEM

71
Q

The Nightingale System felt that disease could be eliminated by cleanliness, thus they ignored this theory

A

Germ Theory

72
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Limitations of the Nightingale Theory is their acceptance of new scientific discoveries

A

FALSE
Their limitations were the NON-ACCEPTANCE of new scientific discoveries

73
Q

Believed to be the origin of nurse’s pin
- Designed by Prince Albert (Husband of Queen Victoria of England)
- Awarded to Florence Nightingale as a medal or mark of esteem and gratitude for her devotion towards the Queen’s brave soldiers in crimea.

A

FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE BROOCH

74
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Florence Nightingale’s Brooch Bears the word “Crimea” and “Blessed are the merciful”

75
Q

★ Promotes professionalism, cleanliness, and pride.

A

NURSES UNIFORM

76
Q

● Symbolizes the saying “what people wear in the heads can set them apart”
★ Symbolizes humility and obedience.
★ Has a sacred connotation of commitment, purity, dignity, and other virtues.

A

NURSES’ CAP

77
Q

The 1st Principal of JOHN HOPKINS HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING

A

Isabel Hampton Robb

78
Q

First graduate of nursing in the U.S

A

Linda Richard

79
Q

Appointed OR supervisor, haddermatitis
★ She was the first to wear gloves while working as an operating room nurse.

A

Caroline Hampton

80
Q

Designed the first rubber gloves

A

Dr. William Halstead

81
Q

Engaged in medical research on yellow fever and malaria

A

Clara Louise Maas

82
Q

Groundwork for the establishment of 2 nursing organizations laid at the Chicago’s World Fair

83
Q

Nursing organization established in 1911

A

Associated Alumnae became American Nurses’ Association

84
Q

The American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools for Nurses became the ____________ (1912)

A

National League for Nursing Education

85
Q

Development of other nursing services aside from hospital service, private duty, public health, school, government, material, etc.

A

1900–1912

86
Q

College and postgraduate nursing education program

A

Age of Specialization

87
Q

Standard curriculum and textbooks

A

Set Standards (1913 – 1937)

88
Q

During WW1, nurses were assisted by the (1) __________ under the management of (2) __________ (founded in 1917)

A

(1) National Red Cross
(2) Jane Delano

89
Q
  • October 29, 1929 (Black Friday)
  • Financial Crisis – increased number of unemployed nurses Military nurse
A

The Great Depression

90
Q

● Period after World War II
● Establishment of the World Health Organization (WHO) by the UN

A

PERIOD OF CONTEMPORARY NURSING

91
Q

Is perceived as a fundamental right during the PERIOD OF CONTEMPORARY NURSING

92
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
The PERIOD OF CONTEMPORARY NURSING used atomic/nuclear energy for medical diagnosis and therapy; and utilizes of computers and use of sophisticated equipment for diagnosis and therapy

93
Q

In the History of Nursing in the Philippines, there were superstitious beliefs about the causation of disease is from ________ or ________ and ________

A

enemy / witch / evil spirit

94
Q

★ The ones who used leaves or roots to cure
★ They are the ones who practice witchcraft.

A

Herbolarios (History of Nursing in the Philippines)

95
Q

In the Philippines, people who are suffering from the disease are believed to be bewitched by __________

A

Mangkukulam or Manggagaway

96
Q

In the Philippines, people believed that the mother’s first milk or __________ is an unfit food for the newborn, and it must be pumped and thrown away.

97
Q

Was established in the city of Manila to care for the king’s soldiers. General hospital administered by the Spanish government

A

THE HOSPITAL REAL DE MANILA (1577)

98
Q
  • Established by Fray Juan Clemente
  • Established the clinic for the service of leprous patients
  • Named after San Lazaro, a patron saint of lepers
  • Administered by the hospitallers of San Juan De Dios.
A

SAN LAZARO HOSPITAL (1578)

99
Q
  • Established by Fray J. Bautista
  • Located in Laguna, near Pansol
  • Near a medical spring which was believed to cure several patients.
A

HOSPITAL DE AGUAS SANTAS (1590)

100
Q
  • Founded by the Brotherhood of Misericordia
  • Administered by the hospitallers of the San Juan De Dios from alms and rents.
A

SAN JUAN DE DIOS HOSPITAL (1596)

101
Q
  • Established on the little island on the Pasig River where the Hospicio de San Jose stands.
A

HOSPITAL DE CONVALENSENCIA (1656)

102
Q
  • A military hospital established in Zamboanga
A

HOSPITAL DE ZAMBOANGA (1742)

103
Q
  • A general hospital supported by alms and donations
A

HOSPITAL DE CAVITE (1842)

104
Q
  • Established for Chinese Patients.
A

HOSPITAL DE SAN GABRIEL (1866)

105
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
The women during the Philippine Revolution took an active part in nursing the wounded soldiers. With training in nursing, they dressed the wounds, alleviated pains, prepared foods, and gave comfort to the men engaged in war.

A

FALSE
The women during the Philippine Revolution DID NOT have any training in nursing

106
Q
  • Attended and dressed wounded soldiers with care, and cheered with soldiers.
  • Escaped Hong Kong and died in 1902
A

JOSEPHINE BRACKEN

107
Q
  • Nurses the wounded soldiers without training
    ★ Converted their house into a quarter for Filipino soldiers during the Phil-American War in 1899.
A

ROSA SEVILLA DE ALVARO

108
Q
  • Established a traveling clinic
  • President of the Filipino Red Cross in Batangas.
A

DONA HILARIA AGONCILLO DE AGUINALDO

109
Q
  • Nurses the wounded soldiers
A

TANDANG SORA

110
Q

● Board of Health was organized July 1901
● After the Philippine revolution, there was a great need for hospitals, dispensaries, and laboratories

A

HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY

111
Q
  • It is where the first board exam was given
  • Administered under the Baptist Foreign Mission Society of America, started school in April, 1906.
  • Has the distinction of graduating the first trained nurses in 1909.
A

THE ILOILO MISSION HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING (1906)

112
Q
  • The missionary nurses, Ms. Hick’s and Deaconess Charlotte Massy, started the school in 1907
A

SAINT LUKE’S HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING (1907)

113
Q
  • Where Mrs. Mary Colemen Masters and Mrs. Sofia Reyes de Veyra are the pioneer American Teachers
A

PHILIPPINE GENERAL HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING (1907)

114
Q

The first Filipino nurse to occupy the position of the chief nurse and superintendent in the Philippines.

A

Anastacia Guiron-Tupas

115
Q

Established by Dr. Rebecca Parish started its collegiate program beginning from the school year 1953 to 1954.

A

THE MARY JOHNSTON HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING (1907)

116
Q
  • This school was opened on June 01, 1913 under the auspices of the Sisters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul.
A

THE SAN JUAN DE DIOS HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING (1913)

117
Q
  • Established by Mrs. Tancheco in 1891. The school of nursing was opened in 1921
A

THE CHINESE GENERAL HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING (1921)

118
Q
  • It was a military hospital but later it was placed under the Bureau of Health to take care of civilians.
A

BAGUIO HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING (1923)

119
Q
  • Ms. Fannie Hiday was the first superintendent of nurses.
A

MANILA SANITARIUM AND HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING (1930)

120
Q
  • The first school of midwifery was established by Dr. Jose Fabella in 1922, who was appointed as the first secretary of health.
A

SAINT PAUL SCHOOL OF NURSING (1946) – ILOILO

121
Q

● Started as a 6-month course
● The major function of midwives pertains to maternal
and child care.

122
Q

● Considered as the Father of modern midwifery
● In 1974, was appointed chairman of the board for midwifery.

A

DR. RICARDO B. GONZALES

[3] NUR114 | FUNDAMENTALS (15 decks)

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