History Of Neuroscience Flashcards
What is Trepanation? When was it done and for what purpose?
Hole in the head; 7,000 - 10,000 years ago with the purpose of attempting to cure psychological and physical aliments
What body part was most important to the Egyptians? What did they do with the brain?
The heart was the most important; they removed and discarded the brain during mummification
What is important about Hippocrates’ beliefs? What time period is he from?
Greek Era; Considered the “father” of Western medicine; modern conception of the role and function of the brain and nervous system
What is important about Aristotle’s beliefs? What time period is he from?
Greek Era; Saw the heart as the seat of higher mental functions and that the brain was a “cooler” for blood
What is important about Galen’s beliefs? What time period is he from?
Roman Era; supported Hippocrates and focused on the ventricular system and flow of “humors”
What is important about Vesalius’s beliefs? What time period is he from?
Renaissance Era; Author of “De humani corporis fabrica”; Retained the notion that animal spirits flow through the ventricles and nerves
What was Descartes theory?
Mind-body distinction, mind and matter are 2 different kinds of substances
Who invented the compound microscope? When?
Janssen; 1590
What is Robert Hooke famous for?
The original concept of “the cell” using an early compound microscope
What is important about Galvani’s discovery?
Noticed and experimented on frogs’ legs and came up with the bioelectric principle
What did du Boid-Reymond discover?
Proposed the hypothesis of action potentials
What did Bell and Magendie do?
Distinguished sensory and motor nerve fibers
What is phrenology? Who had the idea?
Gall; mental functions based on skull/underlying brain size
What is important about Flouren’s beliefs?
Rejected phrenology and believed that all mental functions are equally localized throughout the cerebrum
What is Broca’s area?
Localized speech function in the left frontal lobe
