Chemical Senses, Hapsis, & Pain Flashcards
What are the 5 different taste qualities?
Sweetness, Saltiness, Sourness, Bitterness, Umami
What happens when a chemical binds to a taste receptor?
Opens ion channels creating receptor potentials that are usually depolarizing and release increased NT onto neurites of gustatory sensory axons
What are the 3 nerves involved in the gustatory pathway?
Facial, Glossopharngyeal, Vagus
What is the gustatory pathway to the brain?
Taste receptors in taste buds –> Release NT onto bipolar cells –> cranial nerves –> Gustatory Nucleus (brainstem) –> VP (thalamus) –> gustatory cortex
What are olfactory receptors?
GPCR that can trigger action potentials conducted in axons
What is the olfactory pathway to the brain?
Olfactory receptors –> glomeruli –> olfactory bulb –> hypothalamus –> olfactory cortex
What is the difference between encapsulated and non-encapsulated nerve endings?
Encapsulated: hapsis, touch/vibration
Non-encapsulated: Pain & tempurature
What is the fastest axons? What are the slowest?
Mechanoreceptors are the fastest, temperature & pain are the slowest
What is the pathway of hapsis to the brain?
Stimulis in receptor –> Dorsal Root Axon –> Dorsal Column Ipsilaterally –> Dorsal Column Nuclei (medulla) –> cross over to Thalamus –> Somatosensory coretx
What is the pain pathway to the brain?
Stimulus in receptor –> Dorsal root axon –> Lateral Spinothalmic Tract (contralateral) –> Thalamus –> Somotosensory Cortex
What does “referred pain” mean?
Spinal cord receive nociceptive afferents from both viserca and skin so the body can’t tell where the pain is coming from and the signals get mixed
What are the types of skeletal muscles?
Red fibers: slow, White fibers: fast
What types of muscles are striated?
Cardiac and skeletal
What is the sarcolemma?
Membrane of muscle fiber
What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum? What releases its substances?
Calcium store; Released by depolarization of Ach, the calcium signals actin & myosin to “walk over” each other and contract
