Brain Anatomy Flashcards
What does anterior/rostral refer to?
the head end of the body and the front of the brain
What does posterior/caudal refer to?
Feet end of the body and back of the brain
What is the ventral side?
Front (belly side) of the body, bottom of the brain
What side is the dorsal side?
Toward the back, top of the brain
What does medial mean?
Toward the midline of the body
What does ipsilateral mean?
On the same side of the body
What does contralateral mean?
On the opposite side of the body
What does bilateral mean?
Both sides of the body
What are the possible planes of section?
Midsagittal, horizontal, coronal
What is a track?
Group of axons traveling together in the CNS
What is a nerve?
Group of axons in the PNS
What is a ganglion?
Collection of neuron cell bodies in the PNS
What is a nucleus?
Group of neuronal cell bodies in the CNS
What are the layers of meninges?
Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
What is CSF? Where is it found?
Cerebrospinal fluid; found in the subarachnoid space
What is found in the hindbrain?
Medulla, Pons, Cerebellum
What is the function of the medulla?
Crucial for vital functions (heart rate, breathing, etc..)
What does the pons do?
Associated with hearing, vestibular, taste functions, sleep, and arousal
What is the function of the cerebellum?
Involved in fine motor control
What is found in the midbrain?
Inferior colliculus, Superior Colliculus, and substantia Nigra
What is found in the forebrain/Diencephalon?
Thalamus, Hypothalamus
What does the thalamus do? Where is it found?
Dorsal part of diencephalon; relays most types of sensory information
What does the hypothalamus do? Where is it found?
ventral part of the diencephalon; controls autonomic nervous system, controls motivated behaviors, and endocrine systems from pituitary gland
What is part of the Forebrain/Telencephalon? What is its function? What is made of?
Basal Ganglia: Mediates motor, learning, and “reward” functions; Caudate Putamen, Global Pallidus, Nucleus Accumbens
What is the Limbic System? Where is it found?
Telencephalon; mediates emotions, memory, and social behaviors
What are the different fissures? What do they seperate?
Longitudinal fissure: separates 2 hemispheres
Central Fissure: separates frontal and parietal lobes
Lateral fissure: separates temporal from other lobes
What are the craniel nerves? What are their functions?
On Occasions Our Trusty Truck Acts Funny, Very Good Vehicle Any How;
- olfactory nerve: smell
- optic nerve: vision
- Oculomotor nerve: eye movement
- Trochlear Nerve: eye movement
- Trigeminal Nerve: Jaw muscles, facial touch, pain
- Abducens Nerve: Eye movement
- Facial nerve: facial movement & sensation
- Vestibulochlear Nerve: hearing, balance
- Glossopharyngeal Nerve: taste & throat
- Vagus nerve: internal organs
- Accessory Spinal nerve: neck
- Hypoglossal nerve: tongue movement
