History of Evolution

Question 1

What two things did Darwin not have an explanation for?

Answer 1

He didn’t know the mechanism by which inheritance occurred and he didn’t know how variability was generated in pops

Question 2

Darwin’s idea that there is common ancestry between all species and more closely related organisms have a more common relative

Answer 2

Common descent

Question 3

How did the community respond to Darwin and why?

Answer 3

His idea was rejected bc scientists didn’t like the idea of splitting lineage

Question 4

Lamarcks two ideas

Answer 4

Transformism and inheritance of acquired characters

Question 5

The postulate of more offspring being produced than can survive in every generation (biological competition)

Answer 5

Differential survival

Question 6

Idea that the physical world and its life forms are fixed and all members of a class share unchanging properties that define class

Answer 6

Essentialism

Question 7

What are Darwins 4 postulates of natural selection?

Answer 7

1. Variation
2. Inheritance
3. Differential survival
4. Extinction

Question 8

Wrote a paper on natural selection and sent it to Darwin before Darwin published

Answer 8

Wallace

Question 9

The postulate that individuals who survive and reproduce poorly will die off

Answer 9

Extinction

Question 10

What did Darwin say was the outcome of evolution?

Answer 10

Descent with modification (parent to offspring)

Question 11

Two ideas that influenced Darwin the most

Answer 11

Gradualism (Hutton) and unifromitariansism (Lyell)

Question 12

Gave us the idea of biological competition; population competing for certain number of resources

Answer 12

Malthus

Question 13

Idea that lineages exist forever but change in form, no extinction or branching of lineages

Answer 13

Transformism (Lamarck)

Question 14

Idea historical changes result from uniform geological processes that still occur today (erosion, sedimentation, etc)

Answer 14

Lyell, uniformitarianism

Question 15

What did Darwin observe about domesticated varieties of organisms?

Answer 15

Diff species could look similar (wolves) but same species could look diff (terriers)

Question 16

Idea that new varieties arise by preferentially breeding individuals showing specific desirable traits

Answer 16

Artificial selection

Question 17

Gave us the binomial nomenclature to name living things

Answer 17

Linnaeus

Question 18

Darwin’s idea that differences among organisms have accumulated in small increments over a long time

Answer 18

Gradualness of change over time

Question 19

Noticed organisms looked different in different parts of the world and falsely thought they changed upon moving to new area

Answer 19

Leclerc

Question 20

What other 3 things did Darwin propose other than natural selection?

Answer 20

Gradualness of change over time, population differentiation, common descent

Question 21

Idea that Earths physical features gradually changed due to slow geological processes

Answer 21

Hutton, gradualism

Question 22

First to come up with extinction, contributing it to discrete catastrophic events

Answer 22

Cuvier

Question 23

What did Darwin observe about the Galapagos finches that was a huge difference from birds in South America?

Answer 23

13 species of finches had as much variability as 9 families of birds in South America. They were extremely variable

Question 24

Darwin’s proposed mechanism of evolution

Answer 24

Natural selection

Question 25

Idea that life is arranged hierarchically, culminating in divinity

Answer 25

Scala Naturae

Question 26

The idea of a small group of organisms making their way to a location and giving rise to multiple species over time

Answer 26

Adaptive radiation

Question 27

What must there be for evolution to occur?

Answer 27

Variability

Question 28

Darwin’s idea that population differentiation caused by differential reproductive success of individuals bearing particular traits

Answer 28

Natural selection

Question 29

What did Darwin think lead to inheritance?

Answer 29

Blending

Question 30

Darwin’s idea that changes in a species reflect changes in the proportion of individuals in a pop bearing certain hereditary traits; changes take place at the individual level, new species aren’t just formed

Answer 30

Population differentiation

Question 31

The postulate of variations being passed on to offspring

Answer 31

Inheritance

Question 32

Idea that individuals change during development and parents would pass these changes on if they were good

Answer 32

Inheritance of acquired characters (Lamarck)

Question 33

The postulate of individuals in a species varying

Answer 33

Variation