History of English - W05 Flashcards

1
Q

Preserved Old English (quantity)

A

30 000 lines

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2
Q

Beowulf preserved…

A

Only 1 manuscript

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3
Q

ME is the result of what?

A

3(book) to 4 invasions

  • Romans (55 BC)
  • Anglo-Saxons (500)
  • Danes/Viking (750)
  • Normans (1066)
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4
Q

How is English History Marked?

A

It follows political events

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5
Q

Celtic

(Historical Context)

A
  • Britons (First British Pop)
  • Spoke Insular Celtic Language
  • Anglo-Saxon Replaced Britain Language
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6
Q

Celtic Influence

(Linguistically)

A
  • Sublanguage (little influence on English Lang.)
  • Place Names (Avon/River, LONDon/Wild)
  • Regionalisms (craig/crag)
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7
Q

Welsch

A
  • Original People of the British Isles
  • Celts were others
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8
Q

Origin of the word

  • Craig
A
  • Celtic
  • Rocks like that did not exist for Anglo-Saxon people
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9
Q

Were does the Latin influence on ME comes from?

A

Middle French

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10
Q

The Concept of Europe (Origin)

A

Medieval Invention

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11
Q

Roman Influence

  • Historical Context
A
  • 55BC to 410CE
  • Invaded Brit. Isles (South. GB)
  • Completely Replace Soc. Struc. + Languages
  • Structure + Military remained after Empire Collapsed
  • Commercial contact w/ Germanic tribes
  • Romans remained less longer
  • Latin was not as spreaded
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12
Q

Britain People

(Empire Context)

A
  • Part of Empire
  • Colony-like
  • Used to the weather
  • Far from Romans (water)
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13
Q

Roman Influence

(Linguistically)

A
  • Place Names: Chester (camp)
  • Graffiti (latin)
  • Latin words prior to Germanic invasion: Plan, Cheese, Wall, Mile
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14
Q

Main Invasion that Influenced PDE

A

Anglo-Saxons

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15
Q

Anglo-Saxons (invasion process)

A
  • Germanic InvasionS
  • Less Organized
  • General Invasion Immigration
  • Anglo-Saxons Entirely transfered to Brit. Isles
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16
Q

Arthur (if existed)

A
  • 500-830
  • Symbol of Celtic Resistance vs. AS invasions
  • Repulses AS for half a Century
17
Q

Anglo-Saxons Counts:

A

1 Kingdom

  • Jutse (present Kent)
  • Saxons
  • Angles (east Anglia)
18
Q

Anglo-Saxons influence

(Linguistically)

A
  • Literature: Poetry + Prose
  • Lexical (lot of words)
19
Q

Varieties of OE

A
  • Northumbira
  • Welsh
  • Merician
  • West Saxons
  • Cornish
  • Kentish
20
Q

When Heptarchy became 1:

A

Wessex (west-saxon) ++ important

21
Q

Alfred the Great was Great

A
  • Military Reasons
  • Believed in Importance of Culture
  • Learned Read and Write at 12
  • Learned Latin
  • United Heptarchy
22
Q

Christanity (Celts vs AS)

A

C: Christianized

AS: Polytheist (archaic) + Pagans

23
Q

Christianity

(Historical context)

A
  • When AS invaded, britain returned Pagan again
  • Limited Early Influence (Roman occupation)
  • 1st Missionaries returned around 600
24
Q

First Missionairies Who returned around 600

A
  • south: St Augustine (Rome/Pope)
  • north: St Aidan (Ireland)
  • King Athelbert of Danes converted around 600
25
Q

Christianity Influence of OE

(Linguistically)

A
  • Days of Week (Pagan Inter-Period):

Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday

  • Latin Alphabet for Written Language (before runic)
  • Vocabulary (nun/nonne, monk/manuc, bishop/biscop)
  • Concepts from world (lion, camel)
26
Q

OE Alphabet before Latin

A

FUTHORC
A Runic Alphabet (runes)

27
Q

Church Latin

(effect on OE)

A
  • Liberating Effect
  • Allows abstract Concepts
  • Invented New Words using Latin word Formation w/ OE roots
  • Days of Week (Pagan Inter-Period):
    Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday
  • Latin Alphabet for Written Language (before runic)
  • Vocabulary (nun/nonne, monk/manuc, bishop/biscop)
  • Concepts from world (lion, camel)
28
Q

Viking (Historical Context)

A
  • from Norway/Denmark
  • Destroyed Center of Christianity
  • 7 Kingdoms Alliance
  • Danelaw: Vikings-North / AS-South
  • King Canut (Danemark, Norway, England)
29
Q

Viking Geo. Origin similar to Anglo-Saxon

A

When Invasion, No Sense of Common Origin

30
Q

Heptakingdom (Alliance)

A

Against the Danes

31
Q

Vikings Influence

(Linguistically)

A
  • Place Names
  • Intro of Lex. elements = OE/ON Doublets
  • Basic cons
32
Q

Viking Place Names Endings

A
  • by
  • wick
  • thorpe
  • thwaite
33
Q

Viking Introduction of lexical elements creating ON/OE ‘doublets’

(Examples)

A
  • Skirt/Shirt
  • Want/wish
  • Skill/Craft
34
Q

Viking Linguistic Influence

(ON/OE Basics)

A

Both - Ba

take - fon

call - hatan

sky - heofon

35
Q

Danish influence on Old English

A
  • Simplification: Declension (Gramm. Barriere to Comm.)
36
Q

Historical reason for English declension to Disappear

A

English had to Communicate w/ Danes

37
Q

Sk…. (beggining of word is indicator of)

A

Old Norse