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2 - History of English > History of English - Ex. 3 > Flashcards

History of English - Ex. 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Synthetic languages (def.)

A

(Inflectional + Isolating)

  • Grammatical relationships through modifications to the forms of words
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2
Q

Synthetic Languages (examples of variations)

A
  • Verb inflections (conjugations)
  • Noun declensions
  • Preposition use
  • Strict word order.
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3
Q

Synthetic (Example of Languages)

A
  • Greek
  • Latin
  • English
  • French
  • Russian
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4
Q

Polysynthetic Languages (def.)

A

(Highly agglutinative)

  • express same information through multiple, simultaneous modifications to the forms of words.
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5
Q

Polysynthetic (Examples of Word Modifications)

A
  • Suffixes
  • Prefixes and/or Infixes.
  • Word order looser
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6
Q

Polysynthetic (Example of Languages)

A

Eskimo-Aleut languages such as Inuktitut

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7
Q

Finnish, Estonian, Lapp (Sami), Hungarian and Basque

  • Common Character
A

Languages spoken in Europe but not in IE language family

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8
Q

Languages spoken in Europe but not of the IE language family

A
  • Finnish
  • Estonian
  • Lapp (Sami)
  • Hungarian
  • Basque
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9
Q

Family of non-IE Languages (give 3 examples)

A
  • Uralic
  • Iroquois
  • Eskimo-Aleut
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10
Q

Satem vs. Centum

A
  • Satem = Eastern + (w: Tokharian + Anatolian)
  • Centum = Western

N.B. Cognates (initial sound - means hundred)

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11
Q

Satem = Centum ?

A

Cognates (same source traced w/ initial sound - means hundred)

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12
Q

Oldest IE Language (why do we know)

A
  • Vedic Sanskrit
  • Oldest Surviving Written Records
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13
Q

The existing spoken language that most resembles PIE

A

Lithuanian

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14
Q

Lithuanian (what is special)

A

The existing spoken language that most resembles PIE.

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15
Q

What groups are Germanic languages divided into?

A
  • East (high/low)
  • West
  • North (eastern/western)
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16
Q

English (family tree)

A
  • IE
  • Germanic
  • West
  • Anglo-Frisian
  • OE, ME, English
17
Q

The most important East Germanic language

(why?)

A

Ghotic

  • dead language but most extensively recorder
  • written form preserved (Bible translation)
18
Q

What language of the North Germanic family is the most ancient?

A
  • The Western branch (Icelandic)
19
Q

The Western branch = Icelandic

(Greatest literary achievements)

A
  • Prose sagas
  • Heroic poetry
20
Q

Why is Frisian interesting to students of the history of English?

A
  • Close linguistic relationship to ME.

Some scholars identify: Anglo-Frisian subgroup of Low German.

2 - History of English (9 decks)

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