History of Architecture 4: Finals Flashcards
At the end of the Pacific War in
____, Manila lay in ruin.
1945
American bombs
turned Manila into the ____ Allied city in the
world.
second
most devastated
The Philippine Islands became the independent Republic of the
Philippines and soon after,
JULY 04 1946
The US War Damage Rehabilitation Fund was also instrumental in resurrecting Manila’s pre-war neoclassical splendor…
Some buildings that are rehabilitated are??
The Manila City Hall (1941),
Post Office building (1931),
Agriculture and Finance buildings (1940),
Legislative Building (1926)
was the new doctrine
proclaimed by the “Third Generation” Filipino architects, namely,
Jose Maria Zaragoza (1912-1994), Cesar Concio (1907-2003), Angel
Nakpil (1914-1980), Alfredo Luz (1904-1980), Otillo Arellano (1916- 1981), Felipe Mendoza (1917-2000), Gabriel Formoso (1915-1996) and
Carlos Arguelles (1917-2008).
FORM FOLLOWS FUNCTION
Arguelles (1917-2008). ____ follows the principle of the shape of a
building or object and should be primarily based upon its intended function or purpose.
FORM FOLLOWS FUNCTION
The Independent Philippines also expressed its identity
by implementing Modernism through the utilization of
___, ___. ___ (Materials)
REINFORCED CONCRETE, STEEL, and GLASS;
The Independent Philippines also expressed its identity
by implementing Modernism through the utilization of
___, ___. ___ (Characteristics)
PREDOMINANCE OF CUBICFORMS, GEOMETRIC SHAPES, and CARTESIAN GRIDS, and the ABSENSE OF APPLIED DECORATION.
Were
staple architectural elements of the 1950s and 1960s.
The BRISE-SOLIEL or SUN SHADE, GLASS WALLS,
PIERCED SCREEN and THIN CONCRETE SHELLS
It is when the Philippine government constituted
a group of architects and engineers on a mission to
study the modern capitals of the United States and
Latin America
As early as 1947,
South American modernism, particularly the works of____
Oscar Niemeyer
First University Architect of the
University of the Philippines.
He is one of the Architects selected
by President Roxas in 1947 to study
the trends in Architecture and
Engineering to design the buildings of
the Capital City,
CESAR HOMERO CONCIO
- saddle- shaped Church of
the Risen Lord - Twin Liberal Arts
Building
CESAR HOMERO CONCIO
In May 1956, the proposed design
and scale model of the Capitol
Complex on Constitution Hill were
presented to the public
FEDERICO S. ILUSTRE
Works from the 1950’s to 1970’s. * His design combine unrelated
shapes and flamboyant forms; use
building height for excessive
monumental effect
FEDERICO S. ILUSTRE
- The Government Service Insurance
System (GSIS) Building - 66-meter high
Art Deco Quezon
Memorial Monument
FEDERICO S. ILUSTRE
THE NATIONAL LIBRARY(1961),
Hexagon Architects,
Of the 1950s had since been translated into a visual language of long, lean horizontal
lines suggesting airplane wings, soaring upright structures
and parabolic arches that direct the eye to the sky, and sharply contrasted angles that express speed.
SPACE AGE
UNION CHURCH OF MANILA
Ar. Jose Maria Velez
Zaragoza,
UP INTERNATIONAL CENTER
VICTOR
TIOTUYCO
BILLOWING ROOFS FOR THE CHURCH
OF ST. ANDREWS
LEANDRO LOCSIN’S BIOMORPHIC
SAUCER-SHAPED RESIDENCE
MARCOS DE GUZMAN’S
as the name implied, experimented
with the sculptural potential of concrete’s plasticity to
come up with soft and organic forms with the use of thin- shell technology.
SOFT MODERNISM,
These new design approaches were
skeptical of Modernism; soft was deemed to enable
UNIQUENESS, OPENNESS, and LAWLESSNESS
SOFT MODERNISM,
The majority of the thin concrete shell structures were
constructed by pouring wet concrete onto a rigid wooden
formwork, often assembled from straight elements.
THE CONCRETE SHELL
- spherical dome
(CHURCH OF THE HOLY
SACRIFICE). - hyperbolic
paraboloid (CHURCH OF
THE RISEN LORD)
LEANDRO
LOCSIN
accommodate 1,000 people. The ____
is the first round chapel in
the Philippines
Church of Holy Sacrifice
A Filipino architect, artist,
and interior designer,
known for his use of
concrete, floating volume
and simplistic design in
his various projects.
LEANDRO V. LOCSIN
The year when buildings in Manila are just permitted to get
as high as 30 meters or 10 storeys,owing to the fact that
Manila is very prone to liquefaction during earthquakes
1950’s,
the Picache Building by Angel
Nakpil.
One of the frst buildings to exceed 30 meters on building height
nephew of Architect Juan Nakpil.
* Graduated from UST in 1931.
* A Harvard-trained Architect.
* Served as the City Planning Commissioner of Manila during the
Post-War Reconstruction years, from 1947 - 1949. Also, a Charter Member
of the United Architects of the
Philippines,which was founded in
1975.
ANGEL E. NAKPIL
Designed by Angel Nakpil…
- The 4-storey main building was
built in June 1954 and inaugurated
on Dec. 30, 1955 by President
Ramon Magsaysay.
NATIONAL PRESS CLUB
The building was built in 1962 and was also one of the
first buildings to surpass the 30 meter height restriction in
the Philippines.
THE INSULAR LIFE BUILDING
In the typical form, a horizontal projection extends from the
sunside facade of a building. This is most commonly used to
prevent facades with a large amount of glass from overheating
during the summer.
BRISE-SOLEIL.
The Engineering and Architecture Building of the University of
Santo Tomas (1952), designed by Julio Victor Rocha, initiated the
successful use of the
BRISE-SOLIEL.
a.k.a. Lopez Building, is located at
Ortigas Avenue in the City of Pasig,
Metro Manila.
Meralco building
is the main office of the
Philippine American Life and
General Insurance Company, one
of the biggest life insurance
organization in the Philippines
which was founded in 1947.
PHILAM LIFE THEATER
architecture by the use of BRISE - SOLEIL of aluminum which help
manipulate the shade and shadow
within the building.
PHILAM LIFE THEATER
Retaining the maximum amount of building fabric
preservation
RA 10066
National cultural heritage act
- Its significance lies in its capacity to illuminate the past, as architecture serves as a reflection of the cultural, social, and technological circumstances of its era
Relevance
managing resources carefully and using them sustainably in order to stop further deterioration. It gives priority to maintaining a building’s structural integrity while allowing for necessary renovations and repairs.
Conservation
it promotes sustainable development and responsible cultural asset management. It encourages the idea that it is essential to preserve ancient structures’ distinctive features while modifying them for contemporary usage. This approach is essential for achieving a balance between practical needs and preservation.
Conservation
- ___is the process of trying to bring a structure back to a historical period, usually the original design or a significant historical period.
Restoration
we protect their structural integrity and
guarantee the safety of both residents and guests while also preserving our cultural legacy
Restoration
During this time, there was a significant shift in how people lived, worked, traveled, and spent their free time. Because of this new manner of living, building types emerged that had neither precedent nor convention. Skyscrapers, train stations, airports, industries, and office buildings are all too common in big cities worldwide.
industrial revolution
A material that has many advantages in construction and engineering. It enabled the creation of greater spans, taller structures, and open floor plans by architects and engineers. These new building materials drastically changed how cities looked and eventually began representing modernist architecture.
Steel
especially for delicate restorations. By preventing repairs from altering the historic building’s appearance and feel, these materials help preserve it
ADHESIVES, METAL AND STONE TREATMENT
Digital models and archives are produced to understand the architecture better. High-tech sensors monitor the environment within the building.
Momdern technology
___ allows conservators to take thorough photos of historic structures without touching them.
technology
Contemporary architecture in the Philippines has significantly increased using new materials and technology-driven approaches. However, this progress has positively and negatively impacted heritage preservation efforts
CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE
AN ACT STRENGTHENING THE CONSERVATION AND
PROTECTION OF PHI L IPPINE CULTURAL HERITAGE
THROUGH CULTURAL MAPPING AND ENHANCED
CULTURAL HERITAGE EDUCATION PROGRAM, AMENDING
FOR THE PURPOSE REPUBL IC ACT NO. 10066,
OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE “NATIONAL CULTURAL
HERITAGE ACT OF 2009”
R.A. NO. 11961
National cultural treasures; national historical shrines; national historical
monuments; national historical landmarks; and WHS and other cultural
and natural heritage properties or elements inscribed or designated by
international convention
Republic Act No. 11961, GRADE I LEVEL:
Important cultural property and natural property of cultural significance;
heritage zones; archaeological sites; heritage houses; historic sites; all
Gabaldon school buildings; other marked structures; and heritage trees;
Republic Act No. 11961, Grade II level
All other cultural property and natural property of cultural, significance
in the Philippine Registry of Heritage
Republic Act No. 11961, GRADE III LEVEL:
All cultural properties declared as
Grade I or Grade II Level shall be entitled to the following privileges:
Republic Act No. 11961: privileges
All cultural properties and
natural properties of cultural significance shall be
registered in the Philippine Registry of Heritage.
Republic Act No. 11961, PHILIPPINE REGISTRY OF HERITAGE:
AN ACT ESTABL ISHING A NATIONAL MUSEUM SYSTEM,
PROVIDING FOR ITS PERMANENT HOME AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES
“National Museum Act of 1998”
R.A. NO. 8492
The National Museum becomes a government
trust, breaking away from the Department of Education, Culture, and Sports, as
well as the National Commission of Culture and the Arts.
Section 3.
AN ACT TO REPEAL ACT NUMBERED THIRTRY EIGHT
HUNDRED SEVENTY FOUR, AND TO PROVIDE FOR THE
PROTECTION AND PRESERVATION OF THE PHI L IPPINE
CULTURAL PROPERTIES
R.A. NO. 4846
“Cultural Properties Preservation and Protection Act”
Republic Act No. 4846
Former President of ICOMOS Philippines
He promoted heritage awareness through his writing, speaking,
organizing, and campaigning, the publications and countless
newspaper articles
Agusto f. villalon
Michael Manalo is an architect specializing in the conservation of the
built environment and a member of ICOMOS Philippines since 2008.
He was commissioner for culture of the UNESCO National
Commission of the Philippines from 2010 up to 2016, during which he
was part of the Philippine Delegation while it was a member of the
World Heritage Committee.
MICHAEL MANALO
