GSTS: Prelim Flashcards
It is the system of knowledge of the natural world gained through scientific method
Science
It is the practical applications of what we know about nature.
Technology
It is a group of people with common territory, interaction, norm, culture, etc.
Society
Who said “Modern science is a discovery
as well as an invention.”
John Heilbron, 2003
Process of scientific inquiry
Observation ____ Hypothesis ____ Empirical data for analysis _____
Question, experiment, conclude
It is something that takes a human’s sense or ability and
augments it and makes it more powerful. also who said this?
Technology, Mark Zuckerberg
the sum total of our interactions as
humans, including the interactions that we engage in to figure things out and to make things
Society
a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same
geographical or social territory, typically subject to the same political
authority and dominant cultural
expectations
Society
Give three impacts of science and technology.
- The effect of science on society is
neither entirely beneficial nor
entirely detrimental. - ST is an engine of growth
- ST influences society and vice versa.
is the study of how society, politics,
and culture affect scientific research and technological innovation, and how these, in turn, affect society, politics and culture.
Science, Technology and Society (STS)
is a relatively recent discipline,
originating in the 60s and 70s, following Kuhn’s The Structure of Scientific Revolutions; the result of a “sociological
turn” in science studies.
Science Technology and society (STS)
Historical antecedents of ST
- Transportation and navigation
- Communication and record keeping
- Mass production
security and protection - Health and aesthetics
- Engineering
- Architecture
Writing system in Sumerian civilizations; its root word
Cuneiform; cuneus
Language used to write the epic of Gilgamesh
Cuneiform
1st true city
Uruk city
Symbol of power
Architecture
- Mountain of God
- Dedicated to moon
god___
Great ziggurat of Ur, Nanna
Solved problems of
flooding, water
scarcity, farming,
harvesting, food
production
Irrigation and dikes
Used for transportation of goods in early sumerian period
Sailboat
Farm work and
food processes; usde for rice mill
Wheel
Used to dig the ground; cultivate land
Plow
for easier transportation. First ____ were recorded in what civilization;
Roads
Founded by Amorites
Babylonia
The first Sets of laws on religion, agriculture, administration
CODE OF
HAMMURABI
Gods & Goddesses
–birth ,sorrows,
suffering,
happiness, death
Religion
Meaning of polytheists
they worship many gods
Tombs fro pharaohs
and queens
Pyramids
Long journey after
life on earth
Mummification
Safe-keeping of
records that were
often destroyed by
raiders
Papyrus
Soot with different
chemicals; used to Record history,
culture and codified laws
Ink
Holy writing
; found in the Walls of pyramids
HIEROGLYPHICS
Health and
aesthetics; Makeup protections,
holiness
COSMETICS
Wigs-protection
against sunrays, lice
WIG
Water clock; Gravity that affects
flow of water from
vessel to another
CLEPSYDRA
Use of water or
pebbles/sand that
dropped into drums
which creates
sound
Greek alarm clock
Used by the greeks for Agricultural
processes
Water mill
Measures distance; Greek
Odometer
Olympics
Religious festival in
honor of Zeus
Geometric facts for
deductive
reasoning; invented by the Greeks
Geometry
Used to cure Symptoms of
pneumonia,
epilepsy, etc.; originated in Greece
Medicine
Hippocrates-Father
of Medicine
HIPPOCRATIC
OATH
What the Greeks did to the Human body
EXPERIMENTS
Acta diurna
* Gazzettes
* Government
information; Roman
Newspaper
Bound books
covered with wax
then replaced with
animal skin; Roman
Codex
Roman numerals
Numerals
Made by the Romans, aka Republican
calendar
Julian
calendar
Precursor of steam
engine; Aka Hero’s engine
AEOLIPILE
Medieval artillery
for hurling
stones, as missile weapon; Invented by the Romans
Catapult
Water from
aqueducts
circulated through
walls to cool houses; invented by the Romans
AIR
CONDITIONER
exchange
of culture,
knowledge, goods; Chinese
Trade
Wheel-based
machine that
shreds tea leaves
intro strips; From China
Tea Shredder
Control boarders of
China; Made with stone,
brick, wood, etc.
GREAT WALL OF
CHINA
Alchemist
* Charcoal, sulfur,
potassium nitrate
* Weapon
* Fireworks
; invented by the Chineses
GUN POWDER
Marked Between the fall of roman empire and beginning of renaissance; Marked by massive invasions and migrations
Medieval/ Middle Ages/ Dark ages
Invented by Johan Guttenberg
* Wooden machine
that extracted
juices from fruits
* Metal impressions
create exact copy
Printing Press
For observation of
small organisms
Microscope
Who invented the Microscope during the Medieval ages?
Zacharias Janssen
Who invented the printing press during the Medieval ages?
Johan Guttenberg
Who is the father of modern science? astronomer
Galileo Galilei
Who invented the telescope during the Medieval ages?
Hans Lippershey
Used for Offense & defense
* Cross bow. Long
bow
* Body armors during the Medieval ages.
War weapons
Modern Ages is also known as?
Industrial revolution
Industrialization
- Increase in population
- Demands more goods, faster transportation, more effective communication,
developments in health and education
Modern ages
Transition to new manufacturing processes from 1760 to 1840
Modern ages
James Watt; Heat to motion; during the industrial revolution.
Steam engine
Invented by Louis Pasteur during the industrial revolution.
PASTEURIZATION
Heat processing
liquids/foods to kill
bacteria
PASTEURIZATION
Who invented the oil refinery?
Samuel M. Kier
It is Invented kerosene
from refining
OIL REFINERY
Who invented the Telephone?
Alexander Graham
Bell
Communication tool during the industrial ages
Telephone
Who invented the Mechanical calculator??
Blaise Pascal
He discovered and invented electricity
William Gilbert
These are forces in friction
* Benjamin Franklin experimentations in ______
Electricity
Invented the T-car
Henry Ford
Who invented the first airplane?
Orville & Wilbur
Wright
Filipino sword
* Used by Datus and
Sultans as symbol
of power, wealth,
status
Kampilan
Indigenous scripts of pre-colonial Philippines
Baybayin
invented by the Filipino Dr. Abelardo Aguilar
* antibiotic
ERYTHROMYCIN
who invented the SALAMANDER
AMPHIBIOUS
TRICYCLE
Dominic Chung,
Lamberto Armada
It is a Sustainable
Alternative Lighting
Lamp; who invented it?
Salt lamp, Aisa Mijeno
The Filipino who invented the medical incubator
Dr. Fe Del Mundo
Jeepney that Uses electricity
instead of diesel
E-jeepney
Four parts of the scientific revolution
Copernican Revolution,
Darwinian Revolution,
Freudian Revolution,
Baconian Revolution
Who said “All significant breakthroughs
are break -“withs” old ways
of thinking.”
Thomas Kuhn
An important change that
happens when a new and different way replaces the
usual way of thinking about or doing something
PARADIGM SHIFT
PARADIGM SHIFT process
Anomalies;
Normal science confirms validity of existing paradigm;
Paradigm;
Scientific revolution;
Major changes due to research
It is the rise of contemporary science during the early modern period.
INTELLECTUAL
REVOLUTION
This era is when developments in
mathematics, physics, astronomy,
biology (including human anatomy),
and chemistry changed how society viewed the natural world
INTELLECTUAL
REVOLUTION
a fundamental transformation in scientific ideas across institutions
supporting scientific investigation and in the more widely held picture
of the universe.
INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION
*the most significant period of discovery and growth of the sciences in
the whole of history; a fundamental transformation in scientific ideas
INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION
- a series of events that marked the emergence of modern
science during the early modern period
INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION
Took place in Europe towards the end of the Renaissance period.
INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION
Period where people took interest in Science
Renaissance
The first paradigm shift in intellectual
revolution was on the field of? what particular specialization?
astronomy, cosmology
It is the scientific study of celestial objects and phenomena that originate outside
the Earth’s atmosphere.
Astronomy
It is the study of the
universe and its components, how
it formed, how its has evolved and
what is its future.
Cosmology
A Greek Philosopher who Proposed Geocentrism, earth-centered belief
Aristotle
Greco-Roman mathematician,
philosopher and astronomer;
He improved Aristotle’s observation by
using measurements using epicycles-planetary orbits.
Claudius Ptolemy
one of the greatest discoveries of that time (medieval ages)
Geocentric model
Earth is the center of the universe
Geocentrism
Greek astronomer and mathematician; He Postulated Heliocentrism
Aristarchus of Samos
Nicolaus Copernicus
his findings supported the heliocentric
model written in his book “On the
Revolutions of the Celestial
Spheres”
This took off with
the acquisition of more precise data
on the movement and position of
planets around the sun.
Copernican Revolution
Several astronomers supported heliocentrism.
Johannes Kepler, Tycho Brahe, Galileo Galilei
It is the most precise
equipment available before the telescope by
Tychonic system, Tycho Brahe
His telescopic observation of the four moons of Jupiter proved that celestial bodies did not revolve around the sun on his book called _____
Galileo Galilei
The starry messenger
He proved that planets moved in elliptical
orbits around the sun.
Tycho Brahe
Law of Planetary Motion
Johannes Kepler
He brought the triumph of
heliocentrism by using gravity to explain the movement of the
planets around the sun
Isaac Newton
Authored “Theory of Evolution by Natural
Selection”,
Charles Darwin
the genetic make up of a population changed (evolution)
depending on the conditions dictated
by the environment (natural selection)
“Theory of Evolution by Natural
Selection”
English naturalist obsessed in nature
Charles Darwin
It is the Organismal adaptation and evolution was through the process of natural
selection
“The origin of species”
Well known in the field of Psychology,
he was able to change people’s
perception of psychology
Sigmund Freud
Darwin’s Evolution by natural selection therefore became the paradigm shift to the paradigm of
creation.
DARWINIAN REVOLUTION
The study that explains human
behavior.
Psychoanalysis
operates in pursuit of pleasure (pleasure seeking)
id
governed by the reality
principle
ego
to pursue idealistic
goals and perfection
superego
Three forces of psychical
apparatus
id, ego, superego
love
preserves unity
Eros
promotes
destructions
Death
Two instinct behaviors
Eros and death
driving force of
instinct
Libido
It is the behavior and development of an individual are influenced by the
interaction between the conscious and unconscious aspects of the
person’s mind.
Psychosexual Theory
Role of Dreams
Every dream represents a
wish fulfillment.
sexuality the root of personality
Understanding of Self
Understanding of Self
FREUDIAN REVOLUTION
Philosophers believed that all knowledge could be obtained through pure reasoning, and that there was no need to actually go out and measure
anything.
BACONIAN REVOLUTION
Father of science
Aristotle
Gave importance to the use of measurement and observation as a tool for gaining knowledge as it should be supported by real
world findings.
Aristotle
An Islamic scholar best known for his works
on light and vision.
Ibn al-Haytham
One of the earliest European
scholars to refine the scientific
methods.
Roger Bacon
Process of scientific method
State the problem
Test the hypothesis
interpret the data
publish the findings
He developed the idea of (1) making
observations, (2) hypothesizing and
(3) experimenting to test the
hypothesis.
Roger Bacon
He developed the scientific method.
Francis Bacon
He argued that controlled
scientific experimentation is essential
for understanding nature.
Francis Bacon
He argued that scientific knowledge is
obtained after making observations and
then utilizing inductive reasoning to
interpret the observations.
Francis Bacon
is a systematic approach
used to establish scientific
knowledge or modify existing knowledge.
Scientific method
It led to the creation
of new knowledge systems, social
hierarchies, and networks of thinkers.
Scientific Revolution
