History of Architecture 2: Midterms Part 3- Japanese Architecture Flashcards
Characterized by a synthesis of seminal ideas from
China and native conditions producing a distinct style; Light, delicate, and refined.
Japanese Architecture
710-794 CE; Adoption of Chinese culture and
form of government; Named after the first permanent capital and chief Buddhist center in ancient Japan.
Nara Period
Iconic building of the Nara Period, an imperial residence
Heijō Palace
785-1185 CE; Modification and naturalization of ideas and institutions introduced from China.
Heian Period
“Way of the Gods.” The natural physical and
supernatural transcendent world are both part of a single unified creation; holding the ideal of a life that is in harmony with and united with nature.
Shintoism
A shinto shrine with a Rectangular plan raised on posts, surrounded by a railed veranda, with a free-standing post at each gable end.A shrine embodying the original style of Japanese building.
Shimmei-zukuri
the ritual process of rebuilding the
Ise every twenty years.
Shikinen sengu
Outer Shrine (Geku), which is dedicated to Toyouke, the Shinto deity of clothing, food and housing.
Geku
Inner Shrine (Naiku), which enshrines the most
venerated deity Amaterasu, the Sun Goddess.
Naiku
The Ise Jingu consists of how many shrines? What are they?
Two, Geku and Naiku
Are built in a purely Japanese architecture style which shows almost no influence from the Asian mainland.
Ise Shrines
Monumental freestanding gateway
on the approach to a Shinto shrine; Two pillars connected at the top by a horizontal crosspiece and a lintel
above it.
Torii
The Assembly hall for
monks for reading sacred
texts.
Kodo
Japanese pagoda
enshrining Buddha relics.
To
The Golden Hall;
sanctuary where the main
image of worship is kept.
Kondo
The inner gateway to
the precinct.
Chumon
The covered gallery
surrounding the precinct.
Kairo
The crowning spire on a
Japanese pagoda.
Sorin
One of the oldest surviving wooden buildings in the world; Oldest existing temple complex in Japan.
Horyuji Temple, Nara.
Japanese pagoda, also butto or
toba; Central structure of a Buddhist
compound.
To
The finest surviving example of early 17th-century Japanese castle architecture.
Himeji Castle
“The White Heron.”; Tenshu-gun, (keeps.)
Himeji Castle
inner courtyard in the southeast corner of the court where a samurai would commit
suicide.
Harakiri-maru,
Meaning “writing hall.”; A new type of residential architecture during the Muromachi period (1338-1573); Features the proportioning system of using tatami mats (about 1x2 yards in size).
Shoin
A Decorative alcove.
Tokonoma
The Staggered shelves.
Chigaidama
A paper-covered wooden lattice. Made of Rice paper
Shoji
A recess with built-in
shelving.
Tana
The straw mats used as
floor coverings (about 3’x6’)
Tatami
The post marking the partition between the
tokonoma and the tana.
Tokobashira,
The extension of the floor, usually facing a garden;
serves as a passageway or sitting place.
Engawa
A vertical hanging
scroll containing either text or
a painting.
Kakemono
teahouses. venue for tea ceremony
Chashitsu
An ornamental garden adjacent
to the teahouse.
Roji
A linear unit for regulating column spacing in
traditional Japanese construction. Initially equal to 6 shaku (1.818 meters); later varied according to the tatami mats (approximately 3’ x 6’).
Ken
The size of a room is designated by the
number of its floor mats (tatami).
Ken
