history midterm grade 8 Flashcards
Ch 2:
* Know the 3 types of colonies and be able to describe them
Charter colonies proprietary colonies and royal colonies
-royal colonies were controlled by the king
-proprietary colonies were territories granted by the king
- charter colonies were established by a group of settlers.
Corporations where groups of
Englishmen pooled money and allowed others to buy
shares of stock; businesses in which failure meant the
loss of the amount invested and success meant the profits
were split according to the number of shares; forerunners
of modern corporations
Joint-stock company
Colonies governed by a charter granted
by the king to joint-stock companies
Charter colony
Colonies given by the king to
individuals or groups
Proprietary colony
Economic system that measured wealth by
how much gold and silver a nation possessed
Merchan8lism
The first written
constitution in America
Fundamental Orders of Connec8cut
Agreement the Pilgrims made for
establishing the first self-government in the New World
Mayflower Compact
Group that chose to separate themselves
from the Anglican Church and hold their own worship
services
Separa8sts
Group that chose to separate themselves
from the Anglican Church and hold their own worship
services
Puritans
Understand how slave families looked different from other colonial families.
slaves were under harsh rules in forced by their masters. slave families were also always put to work as soon as they were phyically capable. they didn’t know about their old family and relatives.
Individuals who gained passage to
America in return for four to seven years labor upon
arrival in the colonies
Indentured Servants
System used to teach trades to boys who
could not go to college; usually lasting about seven years
Appren8ceship
Trials arising from accusations
of witchcraft; held in Salem Village, Massachusetts;
sometimes resulting in the execution of those accused
Salem Witch Trials
Know the key leaders and impact of the Great Awakening
key leaders:
-jonathan Edwards
-george whitfield
-samuel Davies
the impact was higher education from establishment of colleges many of these colleges taught biblical teachings .
another is many people converted to Christianity because of the pasters and missionaries spreading the gospel.
Know scientific notation and how to convert a measurement into scientific notation2a
Great Awakening
Philosophy that believed the Bible needed to be
tested by human reason; rejected traditional Christian
teachings such as miracles and the virgin birth of Jesus
deism
Groups of colonists who organized rallies
to protest the Stamp Act
sons of liberty
Groups of colonists who organized rallies
to protest the Stamp Act
stamp act
Know the 3 Phases of the American Revolu8on and know know the significant battles of each.
Influential pamphlet written by Thomas
Paine making a case for separation from Britain
common sense
Formal surrender of British General
Cornwallis’s army, essentially ending the War for
Independence
yorktown
Battle on Breed’s Hill near Boston in 1775
resulting in a costly British victory
bunker hill
Know the weaknesses of the Ar8cles of Confedera8on.
lack of central government
ineabilty to levy taxes
no judicial branch
weakness in foreign affair
Know the significance of the Northwest Ordinances.note card
they eastablished procedures for admission of new states into the union, prohibited slavery in northwest territory, and guaranteed civil librities.
Know the arguments of the Federalists and An8-Federalists for and against ra8fica8on of
the Cons8tu8on.
NOTE CARD
ofederalists
- dtong central government
-checks and balaneces
-economic stability
-national unity
anti feds
-fear of tyrany
-state rights
-lack of bill of rights
-representation
Know the Ar8cles of the Cons8tu8on and the concepts of federalism, separa8on of
powers, and checks and balances.
it is the main sections ,that outline the structure and powers of the U.S governmernt
Know the Bill of Rights.
the bill of rights consists of the first ten amenments to the united states constitution.
First plan of government of the
United States, in force from 1777 until ratification of the
US Constitution in 1789; included one governing body, a
Congress; allowed for strong state governments
Ar8cles of Confedera8on
Required the Northwest
Territory to be divided into at least three but no more
than five territories, from which the modern states of
Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin formed
northwest ordinance of 1787
Proposed that the US government have
a bicameral system based on each state’s population;
supported by larger states
Virginia Plan
—Government system consisting of one
legislative house
Unicameral system
—The lower house of Congress in
which representation is based on population
House of Representa8ves
System that keeps each branch of
government from exercising too much power by limiting,
or checking, the powers of the other branches
Checks and balances
Newspaper essays by Alexander
Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay written to gain
support for the Constitution
Federalist Papers
Name for the first ten amendments to the
Constitution
Bill of Rights
The right to vote,
Suffrage
Formally approve
ratify
Government system consisting of two
legislative houses
bicameral system
Also known as the Connecticut
Compromise, written by Roger Sherman; agreement that
the US government would have a bicameral Congress
consisting of a House of Representatives and a Senate
Great Compromise
Division of the government’s powers
between the national government and the states
federal system
Those who fought ratification of the
Constitution
An8-Federalists
The introduction to the Constitution
Preamble
Provided for the surveying and
sale of the Northwest Territory
Land Ordinance of 1785
Proposal that the new US government
have a unicameral system in which all states would have
one vote; supported by smaller states
New Jersey Plan
Principle attempting to ensure that
no branch of the government has too much power
separa8on of powers
