History Masterclass Review Flashcards
the greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England in the mid-1700s
Industrial Revolution
when wealthy landowners used fences or hedges to define their property, and it had 2 important results
Enclosure Movement
available water, coal, iron, rivers, new inventions, and capital* all resulted in the Industrial Revolution beginning in this country
England
the use of minors in factories and mines~
Child labor
the Industrial Revolution spread from England to Germany, Belgium, and then to the __?__
United States
wrote The Communist Manifesto in which he argued that human society was divided into warring class: the proletariat and the bourgeoisie
Marx
created capitalism, an economic system in which the factors of production are privately owned and money is invested in business ventures to make a profit
Smith
introduced utilitarianism, which argues for the judgment of ideas, institutions, and actions based on their usefulness
bentham
Believed that the population would exceed the food supply without wars and epidemics to check population growth and that the underclass would always be poor in a market system
Malthus
opened Hull House, a settlement house in Chicago which trained social workers and provided for those in need with facilities such as a kitchen and nursery
addams
the fight to abolish slavery
abolition
voluntary labor associations that used tactics like strikes and sickouts to push for reforms in working conditions*
unions
The right to vote
suffrage
belief that the United States should stretch from the Atlantic to the Pacific~
manifest destiny
document issued by Lincoln in 1863 declaring all slaves in confederate states free and showed European nations that the war was being fought about slavery so they would not send money or supplies to the South and was written during the American civil war in hopes of saving the union from defeat*
emancipation proclamation
Invented the steam engine
watt
Came up with germ theory
pasteur
invented the airplane
Wright Brothers
Process for making steel
bessemer
Invented the light bulb
edison
Discovered the atom
dalton
Invented the telephone
bell
Territory purchased from Mexico~
Gadsden purchase
the seizure of a country or territory by a strong nation~
imperialism