History Masterclass Review Flashcards
the greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England in the mid-1700s
Industrial Revolution
when wealthy landowners used fences or hedges to define their property, and it had 2 important results
Enclosure Movement
available water, coal, iron, rivers, new inventions, and capital* all resulted in the Industrial Revolution beginning in this country
England
the use of minors in factories and mines~
Child labor
the Industrial Revolution spread from England to Germany, Belgium, and then to the __?__
United States
wrote The Communist Manifesto in which he argued that human society was divided into warring class: the proletariat and the bourgeoisie
Marx
created capitalism, an economic system in which the factors of production are privately owned and money is invested in business ventures to make a profit
Smith
introduced utilitarianism, which argues for the judgment of ideas, institutions, and actions based on their usefulness
bentham
Believed that the population would exceed the food supply without wars and epidemics to check population growth and that the underclass would always be poor in a market system
Malthus
opened Hull House, a settlement house in Chicago which trained social workers and provided for those in need with facilities such as a kitchen and nursery
addams
the fight to abolish slavery
abolition
voluntary labor associations that used tactics like strikes and sickouts to push for reforms in working conditions*
unions
The right to vote
suffrage
belief that the United States should stretch from the Atlantic to the Pacific~
manifest destiny
document issued by Lincoln in 1863 declaring all slaves in confederate states free and showed European nations that the war was being fought about slavery so they would not send money or supplies to the South and was written during the American civil war in hopes of saving the union from defeat*
emancipation proclamation
Invented the steam engine
watt
Came up with germ theory
pasteur
invented the airplane
Wright Brothers
Process for making steel
bessemer
Invented the light bulb
edison
Discovered the atom
dalton
Invented the telephone
bell
Territory purchased from Mexico~
Gadsden purchase
the seizure of a country or territory by a strong nation~
imperialism
the racist belief of Europeans that they were superior to others led to the creation of __?__, a social theory of the time
social darwinism
meeting of Europeans to divide Africa in 1884
berlin conference
leader of the Zulu people used highly disciplined warriors and a good military organization to create a large centralized state
Shaka
war was fought between the British and the Dutch for control of South Africa
Boer War
type of rule associated with the use of local government officials and limited self-rule
indirect
the policy of __?__ advocated Europeans governing imperial subjects in a parental way by providing for their needs but not giving them rights
paternalism
The French supported a policy of ___?___ which was based on the idea that in time, the local populations would adopt French culture and become like the French
Assimilation
In German East Africa it was the belief that magic water would turn the German bullets into water
maji maji
King Menelik II used diplomacy and modern weaponry to maintain the independence of what African nation
Ethiopia
Why the British made Egypt a protectorate
Suez canal
an uprising of Indian soldiers after it was revealed that rifle cartridges were being greased with pig and beef fat
sepoy mutiny
Britain’s “jewel in the crown”+
india
trade good did the British use to correct the trade imbalance they had with the Chinese
opium
“The sun never sets on the __?__ Empire”
britain
The imperial divisions created by the Europeans in China
spheres of influence
growing anti-foreign sentiment resulted in this Chinese revolt in the spring of 1900
boxer rebellion
foreign policy of the United States to be the international police and “speak softly and carry a big stick”
Roosevelt corollary
foreign policy of the United States to protect the Western hemisphere
monroe doctrine
US policy that opened China to all foreign powers
open door policy
War in which an Asian power (Japan) defeated a European power (Russia)
russojapanese war
Japan’s policy to modernize and westernize under the rule of emperor Mutsuhito during what 45 year period
meiji era
war that resulted in the US becoming an imperial power
spanish american war
Indian from Oaxaca, noted general in the civil war against the French, sought “Order and Progress,” under his rule the rich got richer and the poor were more exploited
porfirio diaz
became popular because of his Robin Hood policy of taking from the rich and giving to the poor
pancho villa
Mexican politician, was president 4 times, attempted to regain Texas, ultimately exiled after losing the war to the United States and signing the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
santa anna
a writer who had been exiled from Cuba that returned to launch a second war for Cuban independence , was killed early on in the fighting
jose marti
Militarism, Imperialism, Nationalism and __?__ were the main causes of World War I
alliances
The Assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand started __?__
world war 1
Front where a stalemate occurred due to trench warfare during World War I
western
Front between Germany and Russia
eastern
Poison gas, machine gun, tanks, and submarines * were all introduced during this war
world war 1
Unrestricted submarine warfare and the Zimmerman telegram were the reasons the United States ended its policy of __?__
isolationism
did extensive work in the field of genetics
mendel
refers to the removal of Georgia’s Cherokee tribe to Oklahoma over 800 miles away to Oklahoma
Trail of Tears