History Masterclass Review Flashcards
1
Q
the greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England in the mid-1700s
A
Industrial Revolution
2
Q
when wealthy landowners used fences or hedges to define their property, and it had 2 important results
A
Enclosure Movement
3
Q
available water, coal, iron, rivers, new inventions, and capital* all resulted in the Industrial Revolution beginning in this country
A
England
4
Q
the use of minors in factories and mines~
A
Child labor
5
Q
the Industrial Revolution spread from England to Germany, Belgium, and then to the __?__
A
United States
6
Q
wrote The Communist Manifesto in which he argued that human society was divided into warring class: the proletariat and the bourgeoisie
A
Marx
7
Q
created capitalism, an economic system in which the factors of production are privately owned and money is invested in business ventures to make a profit
A
Smith
8
Q
introduced utilitarianism, which argues for the judgment of ideas, institutions, and actions based on their usefulness
A
bentham
9
Q
Believed that the population would exceed the food supply without wars and epidemics to check population growth and that the underclass would always be poor in a market system
A
Malthus
10
Q
opened Hull House, a settlement house in Chicago which trained social workers and provided for those in need with facilities such as a kitchen and nursery
A
addams
11
Q
the fight to abolish slavery
A
abolition
12
Q
voluntary labor associations that used tactics like strikes and sickouts to push for reforms in working conditions*
A
unions
13
Q
The right to vote
A
suffrage
14
Q
belief that the United States should stretch from the Atlantic to the Pacific~
A
manifest destiny
15
Q
document issued by Lincoln in 1863 declaring all slaves in confederate states free and showed European nations that the war was being fought about slavery so they would not send money or supplies to the South and was written during the American civil war in hopes of saving the union from defeat*
A
emancipation proclamation
16
Q
Invented the steam engine
A
watt
17
Q
Came up with germ theory
A
pasteur
18
Q
invented the airplane
A
Wright Brothers
19
Q
Process for making steel
A
bessemer
20
Q
Invented the light bulb
A
edison
21
Q
Discovered the atom
A
dalton
22
Q
Invented the telephone
A
bell
23
Q
Territory purchased from Mexico~
A
Gadsden purchase
24
Q
the seizure of a country or territory by a strong nation~
A
imperialism
25
the racist belief of Europeans that they were superior to others led to the creation of __?__, a social theory of the time
social darwinism
26
meeting of Europeans to divide Africa in 1884
berlin conference
27
leader of the Zulu people used highly disciplined warriors and a good military organization to create a large centralized state
Shaka
28
war was fought between the British and the Dutch for control of South Africa
Boer War
29
type of rule associated with the use of local government officials and limited self-rule
indirect
30
the policy of __?__ advocated Europeans governing imperial subjects in a parental way by providing for their needs but not giving them rights
paternalism
31
The French supported a policy of ___?___ which was based on the idea that in time, the local populations would adopt French culture and become like the French
Assimilation
32
In German East Africa it was the belief that magic water would turn the German bullets into water
maji maji
33
King Menelik II used diplomacy and modern weaponry to maintain the independence of what African nation
Ethiopia
34
Why the British made Egypt a protectorate
Suez canal
35
an uprising of Indian soldiers after it was revealed that rifle cartridges were being greased with pig and beef fat
sepoy mutiny
36
Britain's "jewel in the crown"+
india
37
trade good did the British use to correct the trade imbalance they had with the Chinese
opium
38
"The sun never sets on the __?__ Empire"
britain
39
The imperial divisions created by the Europeans in China
spheres of influence
40
growing anti-foreign sentiment resulted in this Chinese revolt in the spring of 1900
boxer rebellion
41
foreign policy of the United States to be the international police and "speak softly and carry a big stick"
Roosevelt corollary
42
foreign policy of the United States to protect the Western hemisphere
monroe doctrine
43
US policy that opened China to all foreign powers
open door policy
44
War in which an Asian power (Japan) defeated a European power (Russia)
russojapanese war
45
Japan's policy to modernize and westernize under the rule of emperor Mutsuhito during what 45 year period
meiji era
46
war that resulted in the US becoming an imperial power
spanish american war
47
Indian from Oaxaca, noted general in the civil war against the French, sought "Order and Progress," under his rule the rich got richer and the poor were more exploited
porfirio diaz
48
became popular because of his Robin Hood policy of taking from the rich and giving to the poor
pancho villa
49
Mexican politician, was president 4 times, attempted to regain Texas, ultimately exiled after losing the war to the United States and signing the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
santa anna
50
a writer who had been exiled from Cuba that returned to launch a second war for Cuban independence , was killed early on in the fighting
jose marti
51
Militarism, Imperialism, Nationalism and __?__ were the main causes of World War I
alliances
52
The Assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand started __?__
world war 1
53
Front where a stalemate occurred due to trench warfare during World War I
western
54
Front between Germany and Russia
eastern
55
Poison gas, machine gun, tanks, and submarines * were all introduced during this war
world war 1
56
Unrestricted submarine warfare and the Zimmerman telegram were the reasons the United States ended its policy of __?__
isolationism
57
did extensive work in the field of genetics
mendel
58
refers to the removal of Georgia's Cherokee tribe to Oklahoma over 800 miles away to Oklahoma
Trail of Tears
59
Site of the first shots of the Civil War
Fort Sumter, SC
60
time after the American Civil War when the South was divided and occupied by Union forces to enforce constitutional protections for freedmen
Reconstruction
61
Germany's war strategy in WWI, which was to fight only one front at a time that but ultimately failed
Schlieffen Plan
62
treaty ended World War I and laid the foundation for World War II
Versailles
63
US president during World War I`
wilson
64
Pay reparations, give up land and colonies, accept responsibility, and demilitarize* were punishments inflicted on what country after World War I
Germany
65
international peacekeeping organization was created at the end of World War I
league of nations
66
refers to the Russia communists who were led by Lenin
Bolsheviks
67
the last czar (tsar) of Russia
nicholas II
68
the Lenin's slogan of the Russian Revolution
peace land bread
69
leader associated with 5 year plans, collectivization, and the Great Purge
stalin
70
leader of Kuomintang that lost the Chinese civil war and was exiled to Taiwan
Jiang Jeishi
71
After the massacre at Amritsar, who emerged as the leader of the Indian independence movement
Gandhi
72
a type of government in which the state has complete control over all aspects of life
totalitarianism
73
the refusal to obey unjust laws as protest
civil disobedience
74
style of art is exemplified by Salvador Dali
surrealism
75
strangled world trade during the Great Depression
High protective tariffs
76
crashed on October 29, 1929
Stock market
77
caused Germany money to rapidly and drastically lose value~
hyperinflation
78
Franklin Delano Roosevelt's plan to get the United States out of the Great Depression
new deal
79
Benito Mussolini established a government in Italy based on __?__.
Fascism
80
__?__, or lightening war, was the Germany war tactic used against Poland.
blitzkrieg
81
__?__ refers to the National Socialist German Worker' Party that took power in Germany.
nazism
82
The __?__ was the line of trenches that divided Germany and France. They failed to halt the German invasion of France.
Maginot Line
83
Hitler declared that Germany was overcrowded and need more __?__, or living space. He promised to get that space by conquering eastern Europe and Russia.
Lebensraum
84
The alliance of Germany, Japan, and Italy was known as the __?__.
Axis Powers
85
The British and the French were unwilling to confront Hitler and so they adopted a policy of __?__ in order to keep the peace.
appeasement
86
The alliance of the British, French, Soviets, and ultimately the United States was known as the __?___.
allied powers
87
At the __?__, the British and the French allowed Hitler to take the Sudetenland in order to preserve peace in Europe
Munich Conference
88
The United States policy toward World War II was initially __?___ until Pearl Harbor made that stance impossible to continue.
Isolationism
89
country attacked by Italy before the start of World War II
ethopia
90
Russian leader that used gulags to punish his enemies
stalin
91
Germany leader bitter about the terms of the Treaty of Versailles
hitler
92
Italian fascist leader that wanted to restore the glory of Rome
Mussolini
93
the constant air raids on civilian targets in Britain by the German Luftwaffe
Battle of Britain
94
Vicious battle between Nazi and Soviet forces
Stalingrad
95
the surprise attack on a US navy base in Hawaii that brought the United States into World War II
Pearl Harbor
96
Allied invasion of France at Normandy
DDay
97
this battle is considered the turning point in the Pacific Theater when the allied powers began to gain the upper hand
Midway
98
locations where the atomic bombs were dropped in Japan by the United States were Nagasaki and __?__
Hiroshima
99
means "night of broken glass" and was an expression of anti-semitism in Germany
Kristallnacht
100
invasion of this country started World War II in Europe
poland
101
when the war in Europe was over and the allied forces were declared victorious
VEday
102
Hitler's genocide which targeted Jews as well as others like Romanis and Russians
Holocaust
103
Supreme Allied Commander in the Pacific who was tasked with overseeing Japanese occupation at the end of World War II
MacArthur
104
US strategy in the Pacific devised by Douglas Macarthur to move toward the Japanese mainland by seizing island after island
island hopping
105
led air raids on the Japanese mainland that were of minimal military value but great psychological value for allied troops
james doolittle
106
Japanese suicide pilots
Kamikaze
107
American plan to keep the German economy afloat temporarily after World War I
Dawes Plan
108
organization that replaced the failed League of Nations
UN
109
figurative divide that existed between Eastern and Western Europe; phrase coined by Winston Churchill
Iron curtain
110
foreign policy was enacted by president Harry S. Truman and was directed at blocking Soviet influence and stopping the expansion of communism
containment
111
program created by the United States to provide monetary assistance to western Europe so they would rebuild as capitalist democracies - WILDLY SUCCESSFUL!!!
marshall plan
112
alliance created by the Soviet Union and its satellites to counter the creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Warsaw Pact
113
divided and occupied after the War by the Allied powers after World War II
Germany
114
the flying in of supplies by the Allies powers after Berlin was blockaded by the Soviets
berlin airlift
115
Russian satellite launched into space that sparked the space race
sputnik
116
communist leader of the Vietnamese nationalist independence movement
Ho Chi Minh
117
after the __?__ war it was reunited as a communsit country
Vietnam
118
after the __?__ war it was and is still divided at the 38th parallel
Korea
119
theory that if one country fell to communism others would as well
Domino
120
closest the cold war got to becoming "hot", involved the placement of missiles in Cuba which threatened the US since Cuba is only 90 miles away , a US blockade was sent to stop Russian ships from bringing more supplies into Cuba, Khrushchev backs down to John F. Kennedy and loses credibility with the Russian people*
Cuban Missile Crisis
121
Russian leader responsible for the policies of glasnost and perestroika and contributed to the fall of the Soviet Union
Gorbachev
122
leader of the Muslim League
Jinnah
123
led the independence movement in Kenya
Kenyatta
124
major leader of the Indian National Congress
Gandhi
125
led the independence movement in Algeria
AhmedBenBella
126
close associate of Gandhi, created a constitution-based democracy and outlawed caste discrimination in India
Nehru
127
Egyptian leader known for nationalizing the Suez Canal and building the Aswan high dam
Gamal Nasser
128
started the "Freedom Now" campaign for independence in Ghana
Kwame Nkrumah
129
policy of leagalized segregation found in South Africa
Apartheid
130
instrumental in ending apartheid and was elected the first black president of South Africa in that country's first free elections in 1994
Mandela
131
responsible for the ethnic cleansing in Yugoslavia
Milosevic
132
organization formed during the cold war consisting of the United States and their capitalist democratic allies
NATO
133
leader of the Khmer Rouge and responsible for the genocide in Cambodia
Pol Pot
134
systematic and purposeful destruction of a specific group of people
Genocide
135
responsible for the ethnic cleansing in Yugoslavia
Milosevic
136
abbreviation for the loose federation of former USSR territories that formed in 1991
CIS
137
Gorbachev's economic restructuring policy that gave local managers more autonomy and allowed for the private ownership of small businesses
perestroika
138
Gorbachev's policy of "openness" which allowed for the re-opening of churches and free media
glasnost
139
the communist government in Cambodia responsible for the genocide in the 1970s
Khmer Rouge
140
conference that occurred prior to the end of World War II when it was decided that Germany would be divided between the US, France, Britain, and the Soviet Union
yalta
141
first American astronaut to successfully walk on the moon
Neil Armstorng
142
American general who came up with island hopping, oversaw the occupation of Japan, and pushed back communist forces in North Korea to the Yalu River. He was ultimately fired for questioning Truman's decision to not drop the atomic bomb
MacArthur
143
Cold War Policy in which the United States (under president Truman) agreed to support any non-communist force, most strongly in Greece and Turkey
Truman Doctrine
144
Richard Nixon's policy of lessening Cold War tensions
détente
145
Kennedy and Johnson's Cold War Era policy of pushing the USSR to the brink of war
brinkmanship
146
opposed Mao Zedong in the Civil War and was ultimately defeated and retreated to Taiwan
Jiang Jeishi
