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world history 2 > Entirety of World History 1st Semester > Flashcards

Entirety of World History 1st Semester Flashcards

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1
Q

time period between 1300-1600 during which time art and learning was revived

A

renaissance

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2
Q

Dictators of Florence, held political power by offering for political favors, successful Italian banking family

A

medici family

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3
Q

political advisor who believed it was “better to be feared than loved”

A

machiavelli

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4
Q

renaissance painter responsible for artistic creations such as the Mona Lisa

A

da vinci

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5
Q

Wrote a book called Utopia about the possibility of a better society

A

sir thomas more

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6
Q

Christian humanist who wrote The Praise of Folly

A

Desiderius Erasmus

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7
Q

English playwright during the Elizabethan era known for his plays, sonnets, and essays

A

shakespear

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8
Q

began the Reformation over indulgence, wrote the 95 Theses

A

luther

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9
Q

Began a theocracy in Switzerland; major belief = predestination

A

calvin

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10
Q

broke with the Catholic Church over a divorce

A

King Henry VIII

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11
Q

renamed the Nat’l Church of Eng. Anglicanism

A

Queen Elizabeth I

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12
Q

gathered followers who later became known as the Society of Jesus or Jesuits

A

Ignatius of Loyola

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13
Q

church meeting that established the following: the Church’s interpretation of the Bible was final, Christians needed faith and good works for salvation, the Bible and church tradition were equally powerful authorities for guiding Christian life, and ban on the false selling of indulgences

A

council of trent

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14
Q

artistic technique that allows depth to be portrayed on a flat surface

A

perspective

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15
Q

german craftsman who invented the printing press

A

gutenberg

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16
Q

Italian artists fled North to avoid wars, Northern artists studied art in Italy, monarchs were generous patrons of the arts

A

northern renaissance

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17
Q

Country where the Renaissance began

A

italy

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18
Q

Flemish; used recently developed oil-based paints to develope techniques that painters still use

A

jan van eyck

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19
Q

focused on human potential and achievements, worked to understand Greek

A

humanism

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20
Q

German; produced woodcuts and engravings of religious subjects, myths, & realistic landscapes

A

Albrecht Durer

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21
Q

German; specialized in painting portraits that are almost photographic in detail

A

hans holbein

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22
Q

Flemish; skillful in portraying large numbers of people, interested in a large number of details

A

peter bruegel

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23
Q

a supporter of the arts; usually commissioned the creation of painting or sculptures

A

patron

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24
Q

Italian; carved sculptures in realistic poses with expressive faces that portrayed personality

A

donatello

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25
Q

name given to Constantinople after it was conquered by Mehmed II

A

istanbul

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26
Q

Founder of the Ottoman Empire.

A

osman

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27
Q

defeated the Safavids at the Battle of Chaldiran; Mehmed’s grandson; captured Mecca and Medina and Cairo; effective sultan/great general

A

selim the grim

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28
Q

superb military leader, created a law code, and created a bureaucracy and simplified tax code

A

suleyman the lawgiver

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29
Q

draft of christian males into the army

A

devshirme

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30
Q

created the title “shah” and ruled as a religious tyrant

A

ishmail

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31
Q

Ottoman elite force of 30,000 soldiers

A

janissaries

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32
Q

communities of religious minorities within the Ottoman Empire where they worship freely

A

millets

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33
Q

Founder of the Safavid Empire which began as a religious brotherhood

A

safi al’ din

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34
Q

leader during the Safavids golden age

A

shah abbas

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35
Q

Capital city of the Safavid Empire

A

asfahan

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36
Q

national industry of the Safavid Empire

A

carpet weaving

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37
Q

Mughal; built of white marble as a memorial to Shah Jahan’s deceased wife Mumtaz Mahal

A

Taj Mahal

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38
Q

Refers to the Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals that were all Islamic, used gunpowder, and had golden ages

A

gunpowder empires

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39
Q

A warrior for Islam

A

ghazi

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40
Q

Leader who unified Japan

A

Ieyasu

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41
Q

sailed from Portugal to the Cape of Good Hope back to Portugal

A

dias

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42
Q

Empire located on three continents - Europe, Asia, and Africa

A

Ottoman Empire

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43
Q

Conquistador that conquered the Incas in Peru

A

pizarro

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44
Q

complained because they felt that they did not get their fair share of the newly discovered land

A

portugal

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45
Q

trade route that is the informal exchange of goods, ideas, people, and diseases between the new world and the old world

A

columbian exchange

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46
Q

refers to the maritime route connecting Africa to the Americas that was used to transport slaves under inhumane conditions

A

middle passage

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47
Q

trade route connected America, Africa, and Europe and was a formal exchange of goods and slaves for profit

A

triangular trade

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48
Q

Pope who wanted to end the rivalry between Spain and Portugal over land in the “new world”

A

alexander VI

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49
Q

discovered the West Indies while sailing West in search of a water route to the indies

A

christopher columbus

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50
Q

created to move the dividing line to be more fair to Portugal

A

The treaty of tordesillas

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51
Q

opened a school for navigation

A

Prince Henry

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52
Q

Chinese Muslim who led seven global voyages seeking to expand the glory of China

A

Zheng He

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53
Q

sailed from Portugal around the Cape of Good Hope to India to bring spices back to Portugal

A

da gama

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54
Q

conquistador who conquered the Aztecs in Mexico

A

cortes

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55
Q

In 1493, the rivalry between Portugal and ___ over land in the new world had reached an almost boiling point

A

Spain

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56
Q

Japanese Theatre

A

kabuki

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57
Q

served as a critical choke point between traders conducting business between India and China

A

malacca

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58
Q

factors that motivated exploration

A

gold, god, glory

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59
Q

group of people, fleeing religious persecution that settled in New England

A

puritans

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60
Q

warrior chieftain in Japan

A

diamyo

61
Q

his crew was the first to circumnavigate the globe after he died in the Phillippines

A

magellan

62
Q

Type of Empire created by Portugal in the Indian Ocean

A

trade post empire

63
Q

sailed by the Mississippi to claim the Louisiana territory for France

A

De La Salle

64
Q

Japanese poem in a 5-7-5 syllable format

A

haiku

65
Q

1st English settlement established in 1607, struggled at first because they were more interested in gold but later succeeded because of their use of tobacco as a cash crop

A

jamestown

66
Q

line created by the pope to stop the feud between Spain and Portugal over land in the “new land”

A

line of demarcation

67
Q

traders known for being fair and trading furs with the indigenous people

A

french

68
Q

indigenous people died from disease on a massive scale and africans had immunities to European Diseases, Native people were nomadic hunter-gatherers with no knowledge of farming whereas Africans had experience with agriculture, Africans were less likely to escape because they were not familiar with the land whereas indigenous people were more knowledgeable of the terrainindigenous people died from disease on a massive scale and africans had immunities to European Diseases, Native people were nomadic hunter-gatherers with no knowledge of farming whereas Africans had experience with agriculture, Africans were less likely to escape because they were not familiar with the land whereas indigenous people were more knowledgeable of the terrain

A

Reasons Africans were used as slave labor

69
Q

T/F slavery existed in Africa for centuries before Atlantic slave trade began

A

true

70
Q

T/F Initially England dominated the slave trade, but overtime the Spanish and Portuguese replaced them as the primary slave traders

A

false

71
Q

T/F The demand for slave labor by Europeans began when agricultural labor was demanded by settlers in the Americas

A

true

72
Q

T/F The demand for slave labor by Europeans began when agricultural labor was demanded by settlers in the Americas

A

true

73
Q

T/F Europeans traded raw materials like cotton and sugar for African slaves

A

False

74
Q

T/F Africans did not attempt to keep any of their cultural tradition alive because the institution of slavery was too grueling

A

false

75
Q

T/F In the Americas, slavery was a lifelong hereditary condition

A

true

76
Q

kings or queens who held all of the power within the boundaries of their state

A

absolute monarch

77
Q

Phillip sent 200 ships and defeated the strong ottoman fleet

A

battle of Lepanto

78
Q

Dynasty in France started by the reign of King Henry IV, powerful and EXTREMELY wealthy, rulers of this Dynasty wanted hegemony (dominant power) and wanted to see a shift of balance of power

A

Bourbon dynasty

79
Q

gold and silver in the form of bars

A

bullion

80
Q

(1585-1642) minister to louis XIII. his the point plan 1)Break the power of the nobility, 2. Humble the House of Austria, 3. Control the Protestants) helped to send France on the road to absolute monarchy.

A

cardinal richelieu

81
Q

the idea that god created the monarch and that the monarch acted as gods representative on earth

A

divine right

82
Q

A comedic book written by Miguel de Cervantes during the Renaissance. The title character is now used to refer to idealists that champion hopeless or fanciful causes.

A

don quixote

83
Q

1598 - Granted the Huguenot’s liberty of conscience and worship.

A

edict of nantes

84
Q

a painter who used interesting colors to distort the human figure, was deeply religious and expressed emotions

A

el greco

85
Q

A Spanish monastery and palace built by Philip II.

A

escorial

86
Q

German princely family who ruled in alliance with the Holy Roman Empire and controlled most of Central Europe

A

habsburgs

87
Q

Leader of Huguenot forces and head of Bourbon family

A

henry of navarre

88
Q

A general and progressive increase in prices

A

inflation

89
Q

French king who personified absolute monarchy.

A

louis XIV

90
Q

Muslims from North Africa

A

moors

91
Q

Lavish palace constructed by Louis XIV to reflect his power and might

A

palace of versailles

92
Q

King of Spain, 1556 - 1598; married to Queen Mary I of England;he was the most powerful monarch in Europe until 1588; controlled Spain, the Netherlands, the Spanish colonies in the New World, Portugal, Brazil, parts of Africa, parts of India, and the East Indies.

A

phillip II

93
Q

painted a Portrait of Don Pedro de Barberana

A

velazquez

94
Q

a conflict, lasting from 1701 to 1713, in which a number of European states fought to prevent the Bourbon family from controlling Spain as well as France.

A

war of Spanish succession

95
Q

the absolute monarch of england until he was defeated in the english Civil War. He was executed for violating the law and behaving like a tyrant

A

Charles I

96
Q

the Habsburg ruler of Austria who is well known for being one of Marie Antoinette’s parents and being a rival of Prussia

A

maria theresa

97
Q

Peter’s goal of using western Europe as a model for change

A

westernization

98
Q

harnessed the power of electricity

A

franklin

99
Q

Wrote Leviathan. Thought human nature was nasty, brutal, & short. He said government was needed to provide jurisdiction for the people and that all rebellions must be quashed.

A

hobbes

100
Q

used a telescope in italy to prove the heliocentric theory

A

galileo

101
Q

wrote the book Social Contract; believed people in their natural state were basically good but that they were corrupted by the evils of society, especially the uneven distribution of property

A

Rousseau

102
Q

created the scientific method

A

bacon

103
Q

wrote about a new economic system known as capitalism in his book the wealth of nations

A

smith

104
Q

(1689-1755) wrote ‘Spirit of the Laws’, said that no single set of political laws was applicable to all - depended on relationship and variables, supported division of government

A

montesquieu

105
Q

discovered germ and created the germ theory; explained why people got ill

A

pasteur

106
Q

discovered that the heart powers the circulatory system

A

harvey

107
Q

discovered the laws of gravity and motions

A

newton

108
Q

wrote Treatise on Tolerance, believed there should be a separation of church and state and in religious tolerance.

A

voltaire

109
Q

Wrote Two Treatises of Government. Said human nature lived free and had the natural rights of life, liberty, and property. He said government was created in order to protect these rights and if the government failed to do so it was the duty of the people to rebel.

A

Locke

110
Q

discovered the smallpox vaccine when he observed milkmaids

A

Jenner

111
Q

believed in a heliocentric universe with elliptical orbits and laws of planetary motion

A

kepler

112
Q

believed in a heliocentric universe with linearly aligned planets and circular orbits

A

Copernicus

113
Q

the grey stone castle built by and lived in the Phillip II

A

Escorial

114
Q

land peasants in Russia until 1800’s

A

surfs

115
Q

Muslims of Spain

A

moors

116
Q

The great fleet sent from Spain against England by Philip II in 1588; defeated by Queen Elizabeth I

A

spanish armada

117
Q

a religious dispute between Catholics and Protestant in the Holy Roman Empire

A

30 Years war

118
Q

a major war involving every major European power and was fought in Europe, North America, and India

A

7 years war

119
Q

the peace treaty that ended the Thirty Years’ War in 1648

A

peace of westphalia

120
Q

a period of Russian history after Ivan the Terrible killed his ablest son and his weaker son ended up ruling for a short time and never produced an heir

A

time of troubles

121
Q

(1638-1715) Known as the Sun King, he was an absolute monarch that completely controlled France. One of his greatest accomplishments was the building of the palace at Versailles and bankrupted the country due to his wars

A

louis XIV

122
Q

Absolute monarch of Russia

A

peter the great

123
Q

Russian nobles

A

boyars

124
Q

French Protestants influenced by John Calvin

A

huguenots

125
Q

capital city and major port that Peter the Great established in 1703

A

st. petersberg

126
Q

Intellectual and cultural capital of Europe

A

paris

127
Q

regular gatherings of intellectuals in the homes of the wealthy

A

salons

128
Q

created the Encyclopedia, a collection of articles about various intellectual topics

A

Denis Diderot

129
Q

Grand, ornate style popular during the 1600s/1700

A

Baroque

130
Q

simple, elegant style of art and architecture, popular in the 1700s

A

neoclassical

131
Q

type of music inspired by the Enlightenment including Mozart and Beethoven

A

Classical music

132
Q

an absolute monarch who is inspired to bring enlightened ideas to their country

A

Enlightened Despot

133
Q

Enlightened Despot of Prussia who brought religious tolerance and legal reform and Absolute ruler of Prussia

A

Frederick the Great

134
Q

enlightened despot from austria who freed that country’s serfs

A

Joseph II of austria

135
Q

Russian absolute monarch who reversed her position of freeing the serfs after a revolt

A

catherine the great

136
Q

Who was part of the Old Order that ruled France

A

Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette, Estates System

137
Q

Had 1 vote in the Estates-General

A

all estates

138
Q

consisted of 97% of the population

A

3rd estate

139
Q

consisted of the clergy

A

1st estate

140
Q

consisted of the nobles

A

2nd estate

141
Q

did not pay taxes

A

first and second estate

142
Q

paid taxes

A

3rd estate

143
Q

consisted of 2% of the population

A

2nd estate

144
Q

Provided relief services and education to the poor

A

1st estate

145
Q

Slogan of the French Revolution

A

Liberty, Equality, Fraternity

146
Q

was looked down upon in France became he was originally from Corsica wanted to conquer Europe and inspired the rise of French nationalism, was the hero of the French Revolution because as Commander-In-Chief of the military he defended France from foreign powers, took power after a successful coup d’état against the Directory

A

Characteristic of Napoleon

147
Q

Name given to the temporary return of Napoleon from his exile on Elba

A

the hundred days

148
Q

Form of gov’t after CoV

A

monarchy

world history 2 (12 decks)

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