history exam Flashcards
What was one reason why Napoleon was able to take power in France?
He was a successful politician and French Revolutionary in the Jacobins
He was a high-ranking governor of Corsica who was vocally against the Reign of Terror
He was really popular because of his military victories during the War of the First Coalition
He was extremely smart and an academic at the Academie du Paris
He was really popular because of his military victories during the War of the First Coalition
What did Napoleon do at the Battle of Austerlitz?
He signed a treaty forcing the British to return all of the land France lost in the Seven Years’ War
He flanked the British forces and wiped out 100,000 British soldiers while suffering only 10,000 losses
He was defeated once and for all and exiled to Elba, where he died in 1815
He bombarded a frozen lake while the Russians were retreating and caused them to drown and freeze
He bombarded a frozen lake while the Russians were retreating and caused them to drown and freeze
Which was one of Napoleon’s failures that led to his troops losing support in him and his eventual downfall?
Napoleon tried and failed to seize power by force and make himself emperor
Napoleon tried and failed to invade Russia in winter
Napoleon tried and failed to assassinate the Pope
Napoleon tried and failed to invade Britain over the seas
Napoleon tried and failed to invade Russia in winter
Where was Napoleon’s final battle and ultimate defeat?
Battle of Elba
Battle of Austerlitz
Battle of Paris
Battle of Waterloo
Battle of Waterloo
How was Napoleon’s exile in St. Helena different from his first exile at Elba?
He was sent to a major city in Scotland where he would be watched by the British people
He was sent to a small, desolate island in the Pacific with no food and no people with no way to escape
He was sent to America where he was expected to find a new home in modern Washington state
He was sent to a remote island in the Atlantic and was heavily monitored by the British
He was sent to a remote island in the Atlantic and was heavily monitored by the British
What happened to King Louis XVI and his wife, Marie Antoinette?
Both were put under house arrest and died in chains in 1810
Louis was executed at Versailles and Marie Antoinette was sent into exile in Austria
Both were executed in the public plaza in Paris by guillotine
Louis was sent into exile in Belgium and Marie Antoinette was killed in a riot
Both were executed in the public plaza in Paris by guillotine
What is a coalition?
A group of countries who write a list of grievances to another country
A group of countries who unite to form one empire
A group of countries who are all on the cusp of war with each other
A group of countries who jointly declare war on a common enemy
A group of countries who jointly declare war on a common enemy
Why did Britain declare the War of the First Coalition on France?
They simply hated France, as they always had, and were bound to declare war eventually
They were afraid French ideas of Revolution would spread into Britain
They had unfinished business from the Seven Years’ War and wanted Haiti now too
King George III thought the chaos in France was the perfect time to take the French throne
They were afraid French ideas of Revolution would spread into Britain
What effect did Marat’s death have on the French Revolution?
It allowed Robespierre to become King of France
It ended the Reign of Terror, giving France a “sigh of relief”
It made France more radical as he was seen as a “martyr” to the Jacobins
It prevented war with Britain initially, though it would still happen later
It made France more radical as he was seen as a “martyr” to the Jacobins
Why is Robespierre accused of having gone “insane”, which could also be seen as ironic?
He declared himself King of France to enforce democracy by fear and terror
He started killing people he believed were against Enlightenment ideas, such as human rights
He set up new colonies in the Americas to stop Britain from expanding their colonial empire
He started a war with Britain to defend France’s ideas of pacifism
He started killing people he believed were against Enlightenment ideas, such as human rights
Which was NOT an Estate of France?
Clergy
Scholars
Commoners
Nobles
Scholars
What did the National Assembly do at the Tennis Court Oath?
Governed a separate country in the city of Paris, declaring independence from the King
Demanded a Constitution from the French government (specifically King Louis XVI)
Declared France a democracy and exiled King Louis XVI to Great Britain
Demanded France go back to war with Britain to regain lost land in the Americas
Demanded a Constitution from the French government (specifically King Louis XVI)
What was the Storming of the Bastille about?
The French government overthrew King Louis XVI as all three Estates joined together in the French Revolution
The French people wanted weapons to defend themselves against the French military
The French people wanted to take control of the Palace of Bastille because that’s where Louis lived
The French government executed hundreds of rebellious prisoners at Bastille
The French people wanted weapons to defend themselves against the French military
Who was Maximilien Robespierre?
Enlightenment philosopher who stayed out of the revolution
Prison guard at Bastille
King Louis XVI’s loyal advisor
Leader of the National Assembly
Leader of the National Assembly
What did the Declaration of the Right of Man NOT do?
Promoted liberty and democracy in France
Made Robespierre the first President of France
Restricted the power of King Louis XVI
Abolished feudalism
Made Robespierre the first President of France
What reason did the Americans largely support independence from Britain?
They were angry about being taxed without having representation in Parliament
They were angry that their government was a monarchy and not a democracy
They were angry about the British entering the Seven Years War at all
They were angry that they didn’t get Ohio after the Seven Years War
They were angry about being taxed without having representation in Parliament
Which was NOT a result of the Treaty of Paris?
Britain would recognize and allow American independence
France would regain all of the land it lost in the Seven Years War
Spain would retake Florida from the British
America would take all of the British land south of Canada and east of the Mississippi River
France would regain all of the land it lost in the Seven Years War
What is 1 reason why the Americans were able to win the American Revolution?
They had help from France
Britain was already at war with Spain beforehand
The Dutch cut off all British bank accounts in their country
They were better trained than the British
They had help from France
What is federalism?
Eliminating “local” and “central” governments in favor of one “unitary” government
Giving the central government total power over the local governments in a nation
Giving the local governments more power than the central government in a nation
Giving unique and specific powers to the central and local governments at the same time
Giving unique and specific powers to the central and local governments at the same time
What is republican tradition?
The preference of republics over democracies, which is true in the United States
The belief that the Republican Party is superior to the Democratic Party in America
The continued belief in the institutions of power within a republic or democracy
The understanding that republics do not work and monarchies are preferable in all cases
The continued belief in the institutions of power within a republic or democracy
What was the Scientific Revolution?
When politics and philosophy took the place of scientific debate and discussion
When new scientists made discoveries, disproving ancient scientists
When scientific breakthroughs stopped happening, leading to a dark age of discoveries
When science ceased to function and became radical and emotional
When new scientists made discoveries, disproving ancient scientists
What is rationalism?
The process of reducing how much food you eat so as to save more for later
Using reason and logic instead of tradition and emotion
The process of restricting absolutist power with Constitutions
Using tradition and emotion instead of logic and reason
Using reason and logic instead of tradition and emotion
What is the Enlightenment?
A century-long mourning period for the loss of King Louis XIV and death of reason
A philosophical movement of reason that changed society and politics
A revolution in America that overthrew the British rule over the Thirteen Colonies
A moment where all of Europe realized all at once that monarchy was wrong
A philosophical movement of reason that changed society and politics
What did John Locke say about human nature that Thomas Hobbes DISAGREED with?
People aren’t born good or evil, rights are not guaranteed, and you should never trust anyone
People are inherently good, born with human rights, and will make right decisions when they are educated
People are inherently evil, give up rights for security, and cannot be trusted to rule themselves
People always act with good intentions, rights are debatable, and trust has to be earned
People are inherently good, born with human rights, and will make right decisions when they are educated
What government did Thomas Hobbes think was BEST?
Constitutional monarchy
Direct democracy
Absolute monarchy
Indirect democracy
Absolute monarchy
cause of scientific revolution
When the Renaissance began and Greek texts were brought over from Constantinople, it was NOT only art and philosophy, but also SCIENCE.
Scientists emerged also from the rise in education and literacy from the printing press, as well as individual thinking encouraged by humanism
IIn 1543, Nicolaus Copernicus challenged an ancient Greek idea by presenting heliocentrism, saying that the Earth orbited the Sun rather than the other way around. This began a wave of new scientists DISPROVING old science, called the Scientific Revolution
effect of scientific revolution
Galileo made MANY astronomical discoveries and was ordered by the Catholic Church to REJECT his views of heliocentrism that he agreed with Copernicus as it conflicted with Church teachings that everything revolved around the Earth
During the Scientific Revolution, the scientific method made by a philosopher Francis Bacon ,This was the belief that in order to make conclusions, you must form a hypothesis and test it multiple times before reaching a conclusion
this lead to empiricism and rationalism, Empiricism is the belief that conclusions must be reached through experience and OBSERVATION
To be a true empiricist, you must remove bias from your perception and accept the reality for what it is–what you see, feel, hear, smell, or touch before you
Empiricism is necessary for the scientific method, as it relies on using physical data to draw conclusions
Rationalists believe in an objective “Truth” that exists in the world that CANNOT be doubted and that is can ALWAYS be reasoned through and that sensory experience or observation are unnecessary
wht would happen if the scientifc revoulistion didnt exist
heliocentrism
scientific method
differnt ways of observatiosn
