exam study guide Flashcards by kerem montalvo

What is a reason for the conflict between ethnic groups in the Middle East?

The United States created the state of Israel and put their own puppet governor in charge of Palestinians

The sudden rise of Jews living in the Middle East clashed with Muslims living in nations like Iraq and Syria

British colonies, such as Syria and Afghanistan, saw a rise in English citizens over Arab citizens

Western countries draw new boundaries that didn’t respect the ethnic groups living there

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What is Al-Qaeda?

A terrorist group that took money from the U.S. in their war against the Soviets

A terrorist group from the Middle East that hates Israel and the United States

A terrorist group from Iraq that supported Palestine in the Arab War

A terrorist group from Asia that hates the global superpowers and the Western world

A terrorist group from the Middle East that hates Israel and the United States

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What is terrorism?

The use of violence against civilians to achieve political goals

Any act of violence committed against a large population

War crimes committed by nations in an attempt to deescalate a conflict

Threat of violence used as a form of international diplomacy

The use of violence against civilians to achieve political goals

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What happened on September 11, 2001 (9/11)?
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America invaded Afghanistan in a manhunt for Osama bin Laden and to remove the Taliban from power

A bomb exploded in the base of the Empire State Building in NYC, killing 3,000 citizens nearby

Osama bin Laden was executed and Al-Qaeda was disbanded, but terrorism continued to rise

Two American planes were hijacked by Al-Qaeda and crashed into the World Trade Center in NYC

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What specific war began AFTER 9/11?

Syria War

Gulf War

Cold War

Afghanistan War

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What is media literacy?

The ability to deliberately misinform others

The ability to understand the accuracy and reliability of sources of information

The ability to find information on the Internet

The ability to read and comprehend text
displayed through digital screens

The ability to understand the accuracy and reliability of sources of information

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What effect does the Internet, and its availability to the public, have on society?

It created pockets of ignorance because people stopped associating with other cultures

It made everything digital and eliminated the use of analog systems and mechanical industries

It led to the War on Terror and the spread of communism into Israel and the Middle East

It allowed anyone to interact and share opinions from all over the world

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What is climate change?

The change in ice levels in the polar caps caused by a climate cooling and brewing global winter

The change in global climate, generally, because of war and famine in the Eastern world

The change in regional climates brought about by local laws and regulations on industry

The change in global temperatures brought about by carbon emissions in the atmosphere

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What is disinformation?

False information that is meant to harm or harass others

False information that intentionally takes things out of context

False information that is not intentionally wrong

False information that is intentionally misleading or incorrect

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How has the Industrial Revolution affect climate change?

James Watt discovered coal, which is the sole contributor to climate change worldwide

Child labor specifically contributed to the rise of capitalist industries which brought with it global winter

Many industries release carbon into the atmosphere and have been since the revolution

The steam engine, by disrupting the water cycle, has destabilized global temperatures

Many industries release carbon into the atmosphere and have been since the revolution

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What was the Arab Spring?

A period of violence and unrest against the state of Israel and American imperialism in the Middle East

A holy site that many Saudi Arabians believe is the place where Muhammad was born

A lone region of the Middle East where democracy thrives and there are no dictatorships

A wave of support for democracy and uprisings against dictatorships in the Middle East

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What was the result of the Arab Spring?

Israel was divided into two independent states with their own democratic governments

The holy site was desecrated by drone strikes from the United States targeting ISIS

Some nations descended into civil war and chaos and only Egypt transitioned to democracy

The democracy in the region spread all throughout the Middle East and ended the Saudi monarchy

Some nations descended into civil war and chaos and only Egypt transitioned to democracy

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Where did the COVID-19 Pandemic originate?
Japan
Russia
India
China

China

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Which was an effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic?

Many schools were forced to adapt to online learning and struggled to keep students educated

All who had the disease developed feelings of hatred towards the Chinese government and people

Many hospitals were so overwhelmed they shut down and never opened back up again

All people that had the disease later developed new diseases such as skin cancer

Many schools were forced to adapt to online learning and struggled to keep students educated

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Why is it believed Russia invade Ukraine in 2021 (and possibly also why they invaded Crimea in 2014)?

Ukraine was taking business from the Russian oil market

Ukraine wants to leave the United Nations

Ukraine was preparing for war with Belarus

Ukraine wants to join NATO

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What is a satellite state?

A nation that specializing in scientific research
A nation that is dependent upon another

A nation that borders another, stronger nation
A nation that has no formal, national government

A nation that is dependent upon another

cause of 9/11

After World War I, the Ottoman Empire collapsed
The British stepped in to draw new boundaries
But the ethnic groups were NOT taken into consideration
As a result, many ethnic groups were divided into random countries AND combined with other ethnic groups they didn’t get along with
will give rise to terrorism

One specific terrorist group that hates Israel and the United States specifically is called Al-Qaeda
They hate Israel because they hate Jews, and they hate the United States for its support for Israel (as well as homosexuals, non-Muslims, and women)

On September 11, 2001, two jet airliners hijacked by Al-Qaeda crashed into the World Trade Center in New York City on an event called 9/11

The attack also included 2 other hijacked
airliners: one that crashed into the Pentagon and another that was retaken by passengers and crashed in a field in PA

What is a “soviet socialist republic”?

Nation-states that are Soviet-style communist dictatorships

Nation-states that are allied with and dependent upon the Soviet Union

Nation-states within the Soviet Union and are part of it

Nation-states within the Warsaw Pact that are socialist democracies

Nation-states within the Soviet Union and are part of it

What did glasnost and perestroika do?

Formally ended the Soviet Union as an entity and liberated all member-states

Give more democratic liberties and capitalist freedoms to the Soviet people

Formally transition the Soviet Union into full-fledged communism, phasing out the nation-state

Make the Soviet government stricter and harsher on the Soviet citizen

Give more democratic liberties and capitalist freedoms to the Soviet people

What did many Eastern European (former-Warsaw Pact) nations do following the end of the Cold War?

They remained quite socialist, but began a slow process of restructuring, which is still going on today

They became part of a new alliance, called the Eastern Union, which remained a major rival to NATO

They became right-wing capitalist democracies and joined the newly-created European Union

They remained allies of Russia and kept many elements of former communism, which they still have today

They became right-wing capitalist democracies and joined the newly-created European Union

What is an accurate description of the European Union and its government?

A superpower nation with a centralized, federalist republic that dominates all of Europe

A globalist alliance that acts as a decentralized, central government for its member-nations

A pointless alliance that has no central government at all and is more ineffective than the League of Nations

A communist dictatorship created out of the ashes of the Soviet Union meant to rival NATO

A globalist alliance that acts as a decentralized, central government for its member-nations

future of 9/11

A major change to society is the increased security on public transportation and increased gov’t surveillance
Terrorism will not end, but it did decline.

effect of 9/11 at time

Allies of the United States across the globe will send aid and support after the attacks

the United States will begin a manhunt for Osama bin Laden, beginning the Afghanistan War against the government of Afghanistan (called the Taliban) which was accused of supporting terrorism and hiding Osama bin Laden in their country

his marks the beginning of the War on Terror, which was America’s goal to end terrorism worldwide and will cause the country to get involved in many more global conflicts

cause of rise of social media

The Internet was a Cold War invention from the 1960’s by the government through a process called time-sharing essentially allowed multiple computers to be connected at once and share data with each other
The Internet did not become available for the public to access until April 30, 1993

Within just 10 years, websites such as Google, MySpace, or AOL allowed people to socialize and interact online for the first time from across the world

The invention of Facebook in 2004 allowed everyone to social network with one another and express their opinions and thoughtsSocial media never began on a single day, but Facebook swept the world in popularity and laid the foundation of modern social media

effect at time of social media

Alongside the development of social media was also the advent of 24-hour news
As 24-hour news networks like CNN, MSNBC, and Fox News tried to keep viewers for 24-hours, they will begin running opinion shows
As media evolves and more and more people have opinions and want to share them, it’s important to develop skills in media literacy
Part of media literacy is understanding the difference between misinformation (incorrect information) and disinformation (incorrect information INTENDED to deceive and mislead) and malinformation (incorrect information that is TAKEN OUT OF CONTEXT with the INTENTION to deceive)

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