history, etc Flashcards
Structure of Nursing Knowledge
- Metaparadigm
- Philosophy
- Middle Range Theory
nursing process
ADPIE
Environmental Theory np
Florence Nightingale
“The Theory of Human Care” is
based on the concept of care and
on existential
phenomenological
assumptions.
jean watson
“Novice to Expert Theory” np
Patricia Benner
The theory of caritative caring
ethics np
- Cathy Eriksson
Nursing Philosophies
FN, JW, PB,CE
“Science of Unitary Human
Beings”, upholds four core
principles: energy fields,
openness, pattern, and pandimensionality.
Martha Rogers
Dorothea Orem nm
“self-care theory”, patients, innate ability, responsibility to self-care
Imogene King nm
“Theory of Goal Attainment
(TGA)”, facilitates patient- and family centered care.
Betty Neuman nm
“The Neuman Systems Model
(NSM)”, produce positive client
outcomes
Calista Roy nm
“The Adaptation Model of
Nursing”, explain or define the provision
of nursing science
History of professional nursing began with
Florence Nightingale
- envisioned nurses as a
a body of educated
women
Mid 1800’s -Nightingale described a nurse
proper function
put patient in the best condition for nature to
act upon him
Nursing models
Martha Rogers
Dorothea Orem
Imogene King
Betty Neuman
Calista Roy
the care of the sick is based
on knowledge of person and
their surroundings.
1850’s
1950’s
Awareness of the need to
develop nursing theory
a method of bringing
together facts and giving
them coherence and integrity
- Science
SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY
H, M, DC, R, E
NURSING PROCESS
ADPIE
- 1930’s a standardized curriculum had been
published and adopted by diploma programs - hospital based
CURRICULUM ERA
higher edu.; 1970’s - nursing research revealed that
nursing studies lacked
conceptual connections and theoretical
framework
RESEARCH EMPHASIS ERA
TWO (2) SIGNIFICANT MILESTONES IN THE
EVOLUTION OF NURSING THEORY
- standardization of curricula for nursing
master’s education by the National League
for Nursing - doctoral education for nurses should be
nursing
worked to
develop and clarify a specialized body
of nursing knowledge with the goals
nurse researchers
Nurse researchers’ goals
improving the quality of patient care
- providing professional style of practice
- achieving recognition as a profession
- “Theory is not a luxury in the
discipline of nursing but an
integral part of the nursing
lexicon in education,
administration and practice”.
Meleis (2007)
System of relationship of human
response in health and illness
addressing biologic, behavioral,
social and cultural domain.
NURSING SCIENCE
elements of theory
PEOPLE
➢ ENVIRONMENT
➢ CONCEPT OF NURSING
➢ HEALTH
1980 (paradigm/theory)
- transition from the pre-paradigm to the
paradigm method
(paradigm/theory)
- Nurse Educator Conference in New York
- recognize nursing theorist and their works
as nursing models and theories.
1978
linkages of science, philosophy, and theory accepted and applied by the discipline (Alligood and Marriner – Tomey, 2002)
paradigm
works to be done and frames an orientation ; work accomplished
paradigm
THEORY ERA
- Theory utilization era
- Theory based nursing evidence
Nursing is?
both an Academic discipline and profession
is specific to academia and
refers to a branch of education, a department
of learning or a domain of knowledge
Discipline
– refers to a specialized field of
practice, founded upon the theoretical
structure of the science or knowledge of that
discipline and accompanying practice
abilities
Profession
Theory enables nurses to:
- organize and understand
- analyze
- to plan care
- To predict outcomes
Nursing practice should be based on ____, and we need the ability to interpret the result of ____.
truth & science
concerned with the theory of knowledge in philosophical inquiry. This will influence how scientist perform
scientific activities, how they interpret
outcomes.
epistemology
2 Philosophical Foundations of Science
Rationalism and Empiricism
(2 Philosophical Foundations of Science) emphasizes the
importance of a priori reasoning as the
appropriate method for advancing
knowledge
Rationalism
(2 Philosophical Foundations of Science) based on the central idea
that scientific knowledge can be derived only
from sensory experiences
Empiricism
Reynolds labelled this approach:
Theory –then- research strategy
Rationalism
Reynolds labeled this as: Research-then theory strategy
Empiricism
Early Twentieth Century Views of Science
and Theory
positivism
logical positivist
Inductive and deductive
Logical empiricist
increasing use of computers
focuses on the lived experiences
- The Phenomenology of Social World
Philosophy of Nursing
KSA, Philo of nursing, wholism, naturalism
There are six (6) types of nursing
frameworks that reflect the levels of
abstraction
Philosophy
Conceptual Models
Grand Theory
Nursing theory
Middle-range Theory
The future of Nursing Theory
metaparadigm
broad conceptual boundaries of the discipline of nursing; Human beings, environment, health, and nursing
level
includes
the broad conceptual boundaries of
nursing knowledge, human beings,
health nursing and environment.
metaparadigm level
most abstract type
and sets forth the meaning of nursing
phenomena through analysis, reasoning
and logical presentation
Philosophy
set of
concepts that address phenomena
central to nursing in proposition that
explains relationships among them
nursing conceptual model
works derived from
conceptual model and
proposes an abstract testable theory
Grand Theory
works derived from nursing
philosophies, conceptual models, grand
theories, abstract nursing theories or
works in other discipline
theory
most specific
focus and is concrete in its level of
abstraction -they are precise and answer
specific nursing practice questions
Middle-range Theory
situation or health condition
population or age group
area of practice
nurse or intervention
client/patient outcome anticipated
Characteristic of Middle Range Theories:
Meleis (2007)
“Theory is not a luxury in the
discipline of nursing but an
integral part of the nursing
lexicon in education,
administration and practice”.
