History: English Civil War

Question 1

When did the English Civil War take place

Answer 1

1642-1651

Question 2

To summarise simply, why did the English Civil War break out?

Answer 2

Charles I and Parliment argued frequently. Various peoples took sides and war broke out.

Question 3

What was a tax that angered merchants among others and what did it do?

Answer 3

The ship tax - a tax for people living near the seaside. Proposed by Charles I to make for money for himself.

Question 4

What did Charles I consider himself to have that ‘makes him more powerful’

Answer 4

Divine right (he thought he was chosen by god)

Question 5

Who were the 2 sides to the civil war?

Answer 5

The Parlimentarians (Roundheads) and the Royalists (Cavaliers)

Question 6

What were a few rules the Roundheads in the New Model Army enforce?

Answer 6

• No swearing
• No theft
• Soldiers should attend to moral duties in camp
• No desertion

Question 7

What did Charles I do when inprisoned on the Isle of Wight?

Answer 7

Perusuaded the scots to invade, they failed and were beaten by the New Modal Army

Question 8

What did Cromwell do to ensure Charles’s execution?

Answer 8

When parliment voted by a large majority to spare Charles and give him another chance, their next meeting, Cromwell forbade most of parliment from entering and therefore left only those who wanted Charles dead in parliment.

Question 9

When was the Ship Tax introduced?

Answer 9

1634

Question 10

When did Charles start arguments with Parliment and then send them away for 11 years?

Answer 10

1626-29. In 1629 he sends parliment away for 11 years. This 11 years is known as ‘personal rule’.

Question 11

What religious thing did Charles do in 1633

Answer 11

Archbishop William Laud is appointed by Charles and makes reforms that seem to start bringing back Catholicism.

Question 12

What happened in Scotland in 1637-39

Answer 12

Charles tries to introduce an English style prayer book to Scotland which sparks rebellion and eventually war.

Question 13

When did a few leading puritans get massacred for critisising Archbishop Laud’s reforms?

Answer 13

1637

Question 14

What were 2 common weapons used in the civil war?

Answer 14

A pike and musket

Question 15

What were the 2 Irish towns Cromwell infamously attacked, killing civillians?

Answer 15

Drogheda and Wexford

Question 16

What did Cromwell call himself when he took over England as ruler?

Answer 16

The Lord Protector

Question 17

Who took power in England after Cromwell for a brief time?

Answer 17

Cromwell’s son, Richard Cromwell. This seems like Cromwell is ruling like a monarch…

Question 18

What king ruled after the monarchy was restored from Cromwell?

Answer 18

Charles II

Question 19

What was the period/tyranny known as personal rule?

Answer 19

From 1629-1640 when Charles I temporarily dissolved parliment for 11 years.

Question 20

Who were significant people around the period of the English Civil War?

Answer 20

• James I of England (Charles I father, he too argued with parliment, died in 1625)
• Charles I of England (King of England during the civil war, executed in 1649)
• Oliver Cromwell (One of the leaders of the Parlimentarians during the civil war, became Lord Protector after the war until his death in 1658)
• Richard Cromwell (Oliver Cromwell’s son and successor as Lord Protector, he only stayed in power for around a year before fleeing to france)
• Charles II (The first monarch after the monarchy was restored (in 1660) as well as the son of Charles I)