History END OF YEAR EXAM Revision Flashcards
Armistice
An agreement to stop fighting
Blitz
German bombing campaign in 1941
Civil defence
The protection of civilians during a war
Home front
The civilian population contributing to the war effort
Imperialism
Building up of empires
Militarism
Building up of armies
Welfare state
State that protects and promotes the economic and social well-being of its citizens
Weapons used 1000 years ago
Pikes, swords, shields, bows
2 ways war has changed in the last 1000 years
Weapons used, amount of countries/groups involved
Countries in the triple entente WW1
UK, France, Russia
Which countries were in the triple alliance WW1
Germany, Austro-Hungary, Ottoman Empire
When was the scramble of Africa
1700s
Which country switched sides in WW1
Italy
Who spent the most on their military WW1
Russia
The Schlieffen plan
Attack France then Russia to avoid fighting on two fronts
Why did the Schlieffen plan fail
Belgium fought better than Germany expected, Belgium flooded areas to slow down Germany, Russia mobilised their troops quicker than expected
New weapons of WW1
Machine gun, grenade, poison gas, tanks, flamethrowers
Key Battles WW1
Mattel of Marne, Battle of the Somme, Battle of Gallipoli, Brusilov Offensive
Where did Britain get many of their soldiers in WW1
Commonwealth troops
Largest naval battle of WW1
Battle of Jutland
Women before 1914
No vote, no MPs, stayed at home, looked after children, ‘owned’ by their husbands
Jobs women gained after WW1
Police officers, working in munitions, mining
Why did Germany lose WW1
America joining the war, failure of the Schlieffen plan, lost alllies
When was the Russian revolution
1917
What did the treaty of Versailles cause Germany to lose
Money, Land, Army size, 50% of their steel industry
When did WW1 end?
11:00 11/11/1918
Who was declared responsible for WW1
Germany
What size army was Germany allowed to have after WW1?
10,000 troops
What caused the Nazi party to come to power?
Economic depression, lack of jobs, Hitler’s promise of revenge
Operation Barborosa
Nazi invasion of the USSR
Blitzkrieg
Lightning war
Operation Pied Piper
Evacuation of 3.1million children from cities across Britain
When was the Battle of Midway
1942
What event brought the USA into WW2
Bombing of Pearl Harbour
4 rules for war crimes
Cannot attack civilians, cannot torture prisoners of war, medical workers must always be allowed to do their job (cannot be attacked), Cannot use weapons of mass destruction
When was the ‘Phoney War’
Sept 1939 - May 1940
Primary source
Evidence from the time of the event
Secondary source
Evidence from after the event
Where were the two Atomic Bombs dropped
Hiroshima, Nagasaki
3 reasons why the US dropped the atomic bombs
To end the war quickly, testing the bombs, to intimidate the USSR
Effects of the atomic bombs
Cancers, radiation sickness, buildings destroyed, extreme cost of repair
Sir William Beveridge’s Five Giants of poverty
Want, Ignorance, Disease, Squalor, Idleness
Why did Labour win in the 1945 general election
Churchill was seen as a ‘man of war’ , Labour promised a better future
Where were Jews sent to by the Nazis
Death camps, Labour camps, Euthanasia centres
Kristalnacht
Night of the broken glass
When were the death camps introduced
1941
Impacts of Kristalnacht
Deaths, damage to shops, burnt synagogues
Examples of Jewish resistance to the Holocaust
Gathered weapons, attacked police, rescued Jews from concentration camps
Einsatzgruppen
Squads of people who were responsible for the mass killing of Jews during the holocaust
