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year 10 mock exam revision > history : American West the early settlement of the West 1835-1862 > Flashcards

history : American West the early settlement of the West 1835-1862 Flashcards

1
Q

when was the early settlement of the Plains?

A

1835-1862

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2
Q

there were many different tribes. some where large and called nations. give an example?

A

the Sioux nation

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3
Q

what tribes made up the Sioux?

A

Lakota, Dakota and Nakota tribes

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4
Q

what were the leaders of the Sioux called?

A

chiefs

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5
Q

what did the plains Indians have that included young men who were brave and skilled fighters?

A

warrior brotherhoods

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6
Q

what did survival depend on in the Plains?

A

hunting buffalo

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7
Q

name two examples of materials used to make something on the Plains?

A

sinews as a bowstring and tongue as a hairbrush

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8
Q

where did many tribes move to in the harsh winters?

A

into lodges made of earth and timber logs.

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9
Q

why were horses important to the Plains Indians?

A

they were used for hunting and were a sign of wealth .

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10
Q

how many horses did the Hunkpapa Sioux tribe have in 1870?

A

3500

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11
Q

how did the Plains Indians believe they could contact the spirit world?

A

” vision quests”, guided by the spirit animals and special dances such as the Sun Dance

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12
Q

what lands were sacred to the Plains Indians?

A

Black Hills of South Dakota

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13
Q

how did the Lakota people believe they were created?

A

in a special cave in the Black Hills by the Great Spirit.

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14
Q

what was seen as disrespectful by some Plains Indians?

A

farming or mining

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15
Q

living on the Plains was difficult so the Plains Indians did what to each other?

A

raided each other for food, horses, weapons and people.

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16
Q

what was the “counting coup” tactic

A

a warrior would hit or touch enemies and get away without being injured or killed.

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17
Q

what did counting coup require?

A

huge levels of skills of bravery

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18
Q

why did the Americans believe they had more right to the US land?

A

because they were trying to improve it and farm it

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19
Q

when was the Indian Removal Act?

A

1830

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20
Q

where did the Indian Removal Act force Indians to go ?

A

West of the Mississipi

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21
Q

how many Indians moved after the Indian Removal Act?

A

over 46,000

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22
Q

when was the Indian Trade and Intercourse Act?

A

1843

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23
Q

what did the Indian Trade and Intercourse Act involve?

A

sets out a border between the USA and Indian territory.

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24
Q

what did the Indian Trade and Intercourse Act stop?

A

stopped whites from settling onto Indian lands and prevented the sales of guns or alcohol to Indians by white traders

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25
Q

when was the US victory in the Mexican-American war?

A

1848

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26
Q

what did the Us victory in the Mexican American war mean?

A

Gained territory such as California which meant that Indian lands were now in the middle of the USA.

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27
Q

when was the Indian Appropriations act?

A

1851

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28
Q

what did the Indian Appropriations act fund ?

A

the moving of the American Indians to reservations in modern day Oklahoma

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29
Q

why did the economic crash encourage people to move west?

A

unemployment was as high as 25% in some areas

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30
Q

when was the economic crash?

A

1837

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31
Q

what encouraged people to move west?

A

Rich farmland In Oregon, the Oregon Trail made it easier to cross, gold rush, propaganda and manifest destiny

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32
Q

when was the Oregon trail first publicised ?

A

1825

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33
Q

who was the Oregon trail publicised by and who first used it?

A

Jedidiah Smith and it was first used by fur- trappers

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34
Q

what did the Oregon trail enable?

A

large families to move westward

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35
Q

when was the Transcontinental railroad used as the main method of travelling west?

A

by 1869

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36
Q

How much did the government provide for an expedition to map the Oregon Trail?

A

$30,000

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37
Q

by 1846, more than how many people had travelled across the Oregon Trail?

A

5,000

38
Q

when was the Gold Rush?

A

1849

39
Q

how many people left for the East of California due to the Gold Rush?

A

100,000

40
Q

by 1855, California’s population reached what ?

A

300,000

41
Q

due to the Gold Rush many people left for the West to be involved in what professions?

A

shopkeepers, bartenders and traders

42
Q

what is manifest destiny?

A

the belief that white Americans had the right to populate all areas of America, it was Gods will

43
Q

How did the Gold Rush consequently promote the image of the West?

A

farming in California grew, rapid growth of mining towns led to problems with law and order and new migrants murdered or enslaved Indians to get them out of the way.

44
Q

what were the main problems with migration?

A

getting stuck, falling ill or running out of supplies

45
Q

at least how many people were thought to have dies along the Oregon trail?

A

20,000

46
Q

when did the donner party travel across the Oregon trail?

A

in 1846

47
Q

how many migrants were led by the Donner Brothers ?

A

300

48
Q

The donner party was well equipped but the dominant age group was what?

A

elderly

49
Q

where did the donner party split at ?

A

fort bridger in the rocky mountains as they decided to try a new shortcut

50
Q

the short cut turned out to be what?

A

it took longer and by mid October the party had only reached the Sierra Nevada Mountains

51
Q

what happened to their livestock when they were trapped in the sierra Nevada mountains in winter?

A

they died

52
Q

how many people died in the Donner Party?

A

40, including George Donner

53
Q

when and why did the Mormon migration happen?

A

ordered to leave Illinois in 1845 after rioters murdered their leader Joseph Smith

54
Q

when was the Mormon migration?

A

1846-1847

55
Q

how did staying in Omaha make the Mormon migration successful?

A

they stayed until spring to avoid the hard winter.

56
Q

how did the Mormon advance party make the Mormon migration successful?

A

they were supplied with enough food for a year and had a portable boat to get over river crossings

57
Q

how did the advance party make the Mormon migration successful regarding agriculture?

A

they planted crops and located water sources

58
Q

how was Brigham Young prepared for the trip?

A

he consulted trail guides, split the Mormons into small manageable groups

59
Q

how many families and wagons travelled in the Mormon migration, allowing Young to plan the logistics of the trip?

A

3,000 families with 2,500 wagons

60
Q

what did Brigham Young teach the migrants to do ?

A

form their wagons into a circle to keep livestock safe and regular stops were planned

61
Q

the Mormons succeeded through obeying Young because they believed he was what?

A

Gods prophet

62
Q

the Mormons succeeded through building what?

A

irrigation systems from the freshwater streams of the Great salt Lake .

63
Q

what did the irrigation systems mean for the Mormans?

A

they had water to grow crops

64
Q

conditions in California and Oregon were great for what?

A

farming

65
Q

by when were farmers producing so much wheat that they began exporting grain to Europe?

A

1850’s

66
Q

by the 1850’a settlement increased where?

A

on the Great Plains and the two new territories of Kansas and Nebraska

67
Q

no whites had farmed on the great plains therefore it was difficult because?

A

hot , dry conditions, difficult to plough and tangled roots

68
Q

how did white migrants cause problems top the Indians?

A

they killed buffalo and their oxen ate the grass needed for the Indians and their horses

69
Q

when was the treaty of Fort Laramie?

A

1851

70
Q

how was there problems from the beginning of the treaty of fort laramie?

A

the government wanted each tribe to send a chief to represent them but tribes didn’t work in this way so many tribes didn’t attend

71
Q

in the treaty of fort Laramie what did the government want to agree on with the Indians but it didn’t work?

A

boundaries but the Indians didn’t understand it as they didn’t use land with boundaries.

72
Q

the treaty of fort Laramie promised plains Indians they would be protected from who?

A

the white Americans

73
Q

the treaty of fort Laramie paid how much annual payments to the Indians?

A

$50,000

74
Q

the plains Indians were only aloud their annuities if they kept to what agreements?

A

the government could build roads on their lands, no fighting between tribes and the permission of allowing railroad companies to enter their land.

75
Q

how was the treaty of fort Laramie significant ?

A

it was the first time Indians had to live b y boundaries and the first time white settlers could cross Indian land

76
Q

how did the treaty of fort Laramie fail?

A

the plains Indians continued to fight and migrants didn’t stick to the Oregon trail

77
Q

how did the gold rush affect problems with law and order?

A

mass migration and settlement that the law enforcement couldn’t handle

78
Q

how did mining camps cause problems with law and order?

A

claim jumping, salting a claim, prostitution and tension between different ethnic groups

79
Q

when was there a huge increase in Chinese migrants?

A

1952

80
Q

why was there an increase in Chinese migrants?

A

famine in china

81
Q

what did the population of Chinese migrants go to in 1851-1852?

A

2,000 to 20,000

82
Q

when was there a crime wave in san Francisco ?

A

1851

83
Q

what was the crime wave in san Francisco caused by?

A

unemployment and racist crimes

84
Q

when could a territory apply to be a state and become under control by the federal government?

A

when there population is over 60,000

85
Q

when could a territory elect a sherrif?

A

when they have a population of over 5000

86
Q

a Kansas sheriff would have covered how much land on horseback?

A

200,000km2

87
Q

mining communities got together and created what?

A

rules to govern mining and their own court with a judge

88
Q

when did vigilance committees happen in san Francisco?

A

1851

89
Q

where did vigilance committees spread to and what did they often lead to?

A

spread to mining towns and often led to lynching

90
Q

white americans were encouraged to do what?

A

murder Californian Indians

91
Q

laws that discriminated against the Chinese did what?

A

tax more

year 10 mock exam revision (26 decks)

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