geography component 1 Development dynamics Flashcards
what is GDP?
Gross domestic product
what does GDP measure?
the value of goods and services produced by a country each year ( how much money a country makes every year )
what is the poverty line?
the minimum icome required to meet someones basic needs - $1.25 a day
what does HDI ( human developmetn index ) measure ?
life expectancy , literacy rate , literacy rate and GDP per capita
what does access to safe drinking water measure ?
the percentage of the populationj that has access to safe drinking water within 1km
what does literacy rate measure ?
the percentage of the population aged over 15 who can read and write
what is level of developemt?
a countries wealth and its social and political progress
whats the definition of birth rate?
the number of live births per 1000 people per year
what is the definition of deathy rate?
the number of deaths per 1000 people per year
what is the definition of fertility rate ?
the average number of births per woman
whats the definition of infant mortality?
the number of children per 1000 who die before they are one
what is the definition of life expectancy ?
the average number of years a person can expect to live
what is the definition of maternal mortality ?
the number of mothers per 100,000 who die in childbirth
what does the Brandt line show?
the line that separates the rich in the north and the poor in the south
what is the first stage of the modernisation theory?
The traditional society
what is the traditional society?
most people work in agriculture as substinence farmers
whats the second stage of the modernisation theory?
pre conditions for take off
what is pre conditions for take off ?
theres a shift from agriculture to manufacturing and trade with other countries increases
what is the third stage of the modernisation theory?
take off
what is take off ?
manufacturing grows rapidly from investment in infrastructure and new technologies
what is the fourth stage of the modernisation theory?
drive to maturity
what is drive to maturity?
heavy industry is replaced by new industries that produce consumer goods
whats the fifth stage of the modernisation theory?
high mass consumption
what is high mass consumption?
a period of comfort and consumers enjoy a wide range of goods
what does colonialism mean?
direct political control of one country by another
where is india?
its surrounded by the indian ocean in south Asia.
what type of landscapes does india have?
its a peninsula coast and has mountains in the north ( the Himalayas)
what is the caste system in India?
its a class system and was introduced when the UK invaded India
why is India in dispute with Pakistan ?
Fighting over Cashmere - where Cashmere comes from
What is the population of India and what is its structure like?
pop= 1.28 billion and has a young population with the majority of people being below 30
what is the Indian Diaspora?
the genetic term to describe people who migrated from within the borders of the Republic of India. An area that contains lots of different ethnic groups
how did the british empire influence india?
their culture became very english ( our language and legal system ). also indian practices were discouraged
why are countries concerned with indias dispute with Pakistan?
Both countries declare nuclear power
why is Indias diaspora important to Indias economy?
different ethnic groups bring lots of skills and money to India
what was the GDP of India in 1990 compared to 2014?
1150 to 5800
what has unemployment rate went from in india from 1990 to 2014?
20% to 8.6%
what did economic liberalisation involve for India?
companies now decide where to locate and what to sell whereas before 1991 the government used to decide this
how has economic liberalisation helped india develop?
there is a reduction in tax and big TNC’s can buy more primary products
what did investment in education involve for India?
education is free and compulsory from ages 6-14.
how has investment in education helped india develop?
more people are educated and can get well paid jobs
how has investment in transport and communication tecnhnology helped india develop?
its easieer to travel and communicate to different countries around the world
how do men benefit more than women in the education system in India?
some schools and families can only afford to send one child and they send boys. also men get paid more
how have young people benefitted more than old people in indias development?
young people can experience the bettered education and old people cannot
how do people in urban areas benefit more than rural areas in Indias development?
where the population is largest (urban areas) is where services and TNC’s develop
what is the source of the River Ganges?
a glacier in the Himalayas
What do Hindus call the River Ganges ?
Mother Ganges
why is the river ganges sacred?
it looks after people / takes away sins
what is the main industry in Kanpur?
leather industry
what chemical is used in the leather industry?
chromium
why are leather tanneries a concern for people and the environment?
there is a treatment plant but it cant cope with the large amount of water therefore lots goes untreated
why is the river Ganges important to farmers in northern india?
its used for irrigation systems
how much water are farmers allowed to use?
there is no limit of how much water farmers use
why is farming a threat to the Ganges?
farmers are taking too much water and the Ganges is getting smaller.
why is Varanasi such in important city in India?
its the holiest city in Hinduism?
how many people are cremated in Varanasi each year?
32,000 of half burned flesh
sewage from 450 million people enters the Ganges each year. how much of it goes in treated ?
20%
what caste in India is seen as untouchable from birth?
the Dalits
what arent the dalits offered?
hood jobs, education experience major discrimination
what have vehicle sales in india gone up by last year?
7.2%
what does more vehicles on the road mean?
larger pollution
how many premature deaths are caused by air pollution?
586,788
how many cities of the worlds 20 most polluted cities does india have?
13
what percentage of indias energy is from burning fossil fuels?
75%
what does Kuznets curve show?
the more pollution there is the more money is made due tothe shift from agriculture to industry
what continents are desperate to trade with india the “Superpower”?
the eu and USA
indias economy is what in the world?
the second largest in the world
indi is in G20, what is that?
G20 is the worlds most top 20 powerful countries
india is one of the BRICS,who is in the BRICS?
brazil, Russia, India China
what have BRICS developed?
new development bank which gives other emerging countries oppurtunities to borrow money for development improvement
what is top down development?
when the government gives the same solution to everyone. its often expensive
what is bottom up developmetn?
the government tries to give everyone individual solutions. it takes a long time and is often ran by NGO’s or charities
