history:American West conflict and conquest 1876- 1895 Flashcards
when did problems with homesteaders become more manageable?
by the 1890’s
how did problems with homesteaders become more manageable?
a result of technology
why were people moving to the plains?
to farm
why was dry farming developed?
to conserve water in the soil
what did dry farming do?
trap rainwater under the surface
when did dry farming become popular?
1890’s
the development of what was significant to farming?
the water pump
when did water pumps become efficient?
by the 1880’s
by the 1880’s what was developed that could extract water from the ground?
all metal wind pump
when was their problems regarding overstocked cows?
1880’s
why did the overstocked markets prove to be a massive problem in the cattle industry?
there was a fall in demand for beef
what happened as a result of a fall in the demand for beef?
profits from ranching decreased
how did soil become damaged?
due to overstocking on the Plains
when was the great die up?
the winters of 1886-87
How many cattle died in the great die up
tens of thousands of cows died
what happened to many cattlemen as a result of the great die up?
they went bankrupt
after the great die up, what happened to cattle barons since it was easier to guard?
a smaller ranch system
what did the end of the open rage mean?
there wasn’t a need for cowboys and people employed in the cattle industry were employed as ranch hands.
when was the exoduster movement?
1879
what was the exoduster movement?
after the civil war, African americans still faced huge persecution in southern states therefore many decided to move west
by the end of 1879, how many had set off for Kansas and Missouri ( the exoduster movement)?
40,000
when was the Oklahoma land rush?
1893
what was the Oklahoma land rush?
the us government decided to open up the middle section of the indian territory for white settlement
how many acres were opened up for the Oklahoma rush settlement in 1893?
8 million acres
how did settlements improve issues with law and order?
they elected sheriffs and other lawmen
when was the period of billy the kid?
1959-1881
where did billy the kid grow up?
in a mining town
what war was billy the kid involved with?
Lincoln county war between john chisum and settlers
when was Wyatt Earp and the ok corral?
1881
who was Wyatt Earp elected sheriff of?
tombstone, Arizona
where did the Earps kill Tom and Frank McLaury?
near Tombstone
what happened at tombstone to one of the Earp brothers?
they were killed
after, this what happened to the opinion of the Earps?
the opinion turned against them and their violent approach to law keeping
what happened as a result of towns being connected through railway and electric telegraph?
law officers and judges could keep in contact with their superiors in state government
what happened to the west over time?
it became more civilised on the Plains
when was the Johnson county war?
1982
who was the Johnson county war between?
cattle barons and homesteaders
what did cattle ranches use to stop cattle rustling?
used the Wyoming Stock Growers Associstion
what did the Wyoming Stock Growers Association plan ?
a full invasion of Johnson county to kill 70 men
how many Texas gunman were hired to invade Johnson county?
22
who were two targets on the Johnson county war hit list ?
Nate Champion and Nick Ray
where were Nate Champion and Nick Ray?
KC ranch
what happened to Nate Champions cabin?
it was set on fire and when he tried to run he was shot down
how were people in Johnson county ready?
word got to them
how were the invaders of Johnson county war saved?
the us army came to save them
what were hired at court so that the invaders trial would be dropped?
the best lawyers
when did range wars stop happening?
after the great die up when cattlemen moved onto smaller ranches
when was the battle of little big horn?
1876
what happened in the battle of little big horn making it a significant turning point?
the Us army and custer were defeated by the Sioux which changed us policy
how did Custer lose the battle of little big horn?
his arrogance and he didn’t follow the plan
how did the Indians win the battle of little big horn?
they had superior tactics and had a surprise attack
when was the wounded knee massacre?
1890
how many Sioux were killed by the 7th cavalry in the wounded knee massacre?
250
how did the public react to the wounded knee massacre?
positively
when was the northern herd of buffalo gone?
1883
how did the northern herd of buffalo go?
whites killed many to use them for leather machine belts
what did losing the buffalo do to the Indians ?
shattered their way of life
what did Indians try to do when the buffalo had gone but failed at it?
to farm but many of their crops failed
how many smaller reservations were made to put Indians on?
6
plains Indians were sent to school and brought up by what religion?
christianity
when was the Dawes Act?
1887
what was the Dawes act?
the homestead act for Indians could also apply for 160 acre plot of land
what was the aim of the dawes act?
to make the Indians more civilised
in what year did plains Indians lose up to have of their lands compared to 1887?
1890
how did conditions for Indians become worse than before?
living conditions were too tough so most gave up their land
when did the US census close the indian frontier, meaning that the whole of the USA was populated by white americans?
1980
