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History 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

How did Charles 2 become King?

A

Oliver Cromwell’s son Richard didn’t want the job,so the Parliament asked Charles’ 1’s son to become King

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2
Q

How did Charles 2 earn the nickname of Merry Monarch?

A

Charles 2 brought back all the sports and entertainments that had been banned.

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3
Q

Charles 2 serious side

A

He encouraged scientific experiments and loved art,design, mathematics,drama and music.Careful to build a good relationship with the Parliament because he didnt want another civil war

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4
Q

What were the symptoms of the bubonic plague

A

Vomiting and fever

Dizziness and hallucinations

Painful swellings in the groin, armpits and neck

Bleeding under the skin causes dark blotches to appear all over the body

Coughing up blood

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5
Q

How did bubonic plague get its name?

A

It gets its name from the ‘buboes’ or huge round boils that appeared in a victims armpit or on their groin

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6
Q

What did people at that time think caused the Great Plague

A

People suggested it may have been a punishment from God, the position f the planet, touching a cat or a dog, or caused by poisonous air (miasma)

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7
Q

What were con artist that sold fake potions and pills that claimed could cure the Plague or prevent it named

A

quacks

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8
Q

what were the famous and effective medicine to treat the plague

A

Avoid the plague:
Smoke Tobacco to Keep away the poisonous air that carries plague

Wear a dead frog around your neck

Carry a rabbit’s foot or another lucky charm

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9
Q

What should you do if the plague is in your house?

A

Place a live frog next to the boil. The frog will suck up the poison, swell up and explode.

Drink plague water- a special mixture of 22 herbs mixed with white wine and brandy.

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10
Q

How to prevent the spread of the plague?

A

Pubs and theatres are closed

Dog and cats are to be killed and all animals are banned from the city

Homeowners must sweep the streets outside their homes

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11
Q

What is the Bill of Morality?

A

A weekly record of the deaths from plague

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12
Q

Describe the plague doctor’s costume

A

Mask with glass visor, beak stuffed with perfume or spices

Stick to keep people away

Leather glovest avoid skin contact with the sick

Long leather coat to protect them from fleas

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13
Q

What did King Charles II do to prevent the fire of London to spread further

A

he ordered houses to be pulled down, idea was to create firebreaks to stop the fire spreading to more houses,but the man in charge of stopping the fire-Mayor of London was struggling with the king’s orders. People didn’t want to lose their homes so they only allowed their houses to be pulled down at the last moment

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13
Q

How many homes did the Great Fire of London destroy?

A

13000 homes

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14
Q

What is a scapegoat

A

Someone to be accused or blamed

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15
Q

How was the idea of the new city in London designed?

A

Christopher Wren, Robert Hooke wanted a city with straight streets, wide open spaces and magnificent new brick or stone churches in homes

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16
Q

What were the new rules for a new London?

A

Building new homes out of wood is banned

All new houses should be built of brick or stone

all new streets must be wide

100 streets must be widened

All new streets must be wide

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17
Q

What was the first insurance company also known as the “Fire Office”

A

A new insurance company that was set up. A house owner would pay small sums of their money to insure their property, if a fire started, the employees of the insurance company would put out the fire using their own fire engine.

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18
Q

Who became King after Charles II

A

his younger brother James became King James II

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19
Q

What were King James II big changes

A

He decided to rule without the parliament

James used his power to give lots of the top jobs in the army and in government to Catholics

James built up a large army, even though there were no wars taking place

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20
Q

Where did James II fled to when he relized he couldn’t beat his daughter’s army

A

France

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21
Q

What is the Glorious Revolution

A

Mary and William became rulers of England without any fighting at all

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22
Q

What is the Bill of Rights

A

a series of new laws

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23
Q

What was there on the Bill of Rights

A

Parliaments make all the laws

Parliaments to decide on taxes

Parliaments to share control of the army

Members of the Parliament to be free to say what they want

all trials to go ahead without interference from the king or queen

no Catholic kings or queens ever again

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24
Q

What are the new laws and rules called

A

Is called Constitution, This is why the British system of government is sometimes called constitutional monarchy

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25
Q

What happened at the Battle of the Boyne

A

William sent troops to Ireland and James forces were crushed.

William took away lots of land from Irish Catholics and gave it to English Protestants

Strict laws were introduced,banning Irish Catholics from teaching,voting or carrying a sword

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26
Q

How did William deal with the rebellion in Scotland

A

He asked scottish clans and familities to swear an oath of loyalty to him.

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27
Q

What is the Act of Settlement

A

King or Queen should always be a Protestant

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28
Q

What is the Act of Union

A

England, Wales and now Scotland were united with one Parliament based in London.

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29
Q

What are Jacobites

A

Name given to the group of people who rebelled against the new monarch, King George

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30
Q

Why wasn’t James Francis king in the first place

A

The Act of Settlement banned Catholics from being King or Queen of Great Britain

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31
Q

What happened at the battle of Culloden 1746

A

King George’s army caught up with Charlie and the Jacobites at Culloden, The Jacobites were outnumbered two on one, poorly armed and half starving… and were soon beaten by the King’s forces.Charlie escaped from the battlefield and was hunted all over Scotland. Eventually he escaped to France and dressed as a woman and never returned to Britain

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32
Q

What was Georgian Britain like? In the Georgian Era

A

great social, political and cultural changes. It includes the start of the Industrial Revolution.

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33
Q

What is the domestic system

A

goods that were made in people’s home or in small workshops next to their homes[

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34
Q

What materials and goods were included in the domestic system

A

Shoes,Socks,Buttons,Lace,Hats,gloves and woollen cloth

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35
Q

How does the Domestic system work?

A

A clothier (cloth merchant) would buy wool from farmers that sheared their shoop and take the wool to villagers in their houses , who spun into threads to weave into clothes.Then the clothierr would collect the cloth,pay the family,take it to another different place to be dyed then sold it

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36
Q

Who ended the domestic system

A

Richard Arkwright

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37
Q

What did Richard Arkwright invent

A

Machine called the spinning Frame

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38
Q

Information about the first factory

A

It was invented by Richard Arkwright that produced good,strong thread very quickly,But it couldn’t fit in people’s homes. It had to be operated by a waterwheel. Arkwright put his huge spinning machines in specially created buildings known as factories or mills

It was powered by one waterwheel and it turned day and night so the machines and workers could work 24 hours a day

When working at home, people chose wherever they wanted to work. But now workers had to work wherever factory owners wanted them to work

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39
Q

How did the domestic system end?

A

More factories were built,people left their villlages and went to work in them

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40
Q

How did factories create towns?

A

The new factories pulled people into towns,with the promise of regular work and good wages.Factory owners built houses for their workers to rent and people began to set up shops and inns so the workers could buy food and drink. Roads ,Churches,schools and places eof entertainment were soon built too

places needed shopworkers. For example Teachers and nurses.Therefore it grew into large towns

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40
Q

Describe the steam engine invented by James Watt and Matthew Boulton at a science club called Lunar Society at Birmingham

A

it included the new ‘sun-and-planet’ gear system that turned a wheel as a river would.

The water is heated and turns into steam that pushes the piston up in cylinder, then the steam is removed which lets the piston drop down.

Sun and planet gears change the vertical motion into a circular one-which turns the wheel

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41
Q

Where were poor children who didn’t go to schools or orphans sent to?

A

They were sent to work in factories by local authorities and they were known as pauper apprentices,Given food,clothing and a bed in an apprentice house.

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42
Q

Punishment for breaking rules in the factory

A

fined,sacked,beaten with sticks,whipped

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43
Q

Why did some people built and provide quality houses for workers

A

They believe happy workers are good workers so they tried to provide decent living and working conditions for them

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44
Q

What caused factory workers to deform?

A

Carrying heavy stuff

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45
Q

1833 Factory Act

A

No children under nine to work in factories

Nine hours of work per day for children aged nine to 13

Two hours of school per day

46
Q

Why did many people were unhappy with the factory change

A

People thought the government should not interfere with the way factories and mines were run. They believed that it was up to the owners to decide how to run them,introducing laws to force owners to spend money on improvements could harm the profit. They also argued that reducing the hours that children and women worked might cause money problems for the family

47
Q

Why were Reformers like Lord Shaftesbury,Richard Oastler,John Fielden began to campaign for laws to protect factory and mine workers

A

They were motivated by their religious beliefs

48
Q

1847 Ten Hour Act

A

Maximum ten-hour day for all women and workers under 18

49
Q

1844 Factory Act

A

No women to work more than 12 hours per day

Machines to be made safer

50
Q

What are miners

A

specialist workers who worked in the mines that dug coal out or any other rocks

51
Q

What is a coal

A

A black hard rock that is buried underground

52
Q

What are the use of coal

A

making bricks,pottery,glass,beer,sugar

power steam engines in the new factories

Required to power steam trains and steam ships

53
Q

Why was coal called black gold

A

mine owners were making so much money from their coal that they began to refer to it as black gold

54
Q

What were the use of iron

A

was used to make tools,trains and railway tracks, iron gates, and iron pans for cooking

55
Q

Process of iron

A

Iron ore is an ore that is a rock containing iron and is dug out from the ground

the ore is melted with limestone and charcoal to remove impurities in a furnace. The iron gets so hot it melts and gets poured out

Red-hot liquid iron is poured into casts shaped like pots,pans,pipes and cannons beams and so on.

It then becomes CAST IRON which is strong but contains air bubbles that can make it brittle

When cast Iron is reheated and hammered, the pocket of air are removed and it becomes wrought iron. Which is purer and stronger. This can be bent into shapes to make chains,tools,furtniture, railway tracks and so on

56
Q

What did Abraham Darby I do

A

he discovered a way to use coal to make iron by reheating it to make the sulphur. This makes coke to make with Cast iron

57
Q

Why didnt Britain used coal to make iron when charcoal/forest is running low

A

The coal contains too much sulphur which is a chemical that makes poor quality iron

58
Q

Abraham Darby II

A

the removed even more impurities and allowing wrought iron to be made from coke-fired coal

59
Q

Abraham Darby III

A

showing the possibilities of the use of the use of iron by building a magnifient iron bridge. He made the ironworks at Coalbrookdale famous throughout the world

60
Q

Why was transport system vital for business and industry

A

Coal had to be taken from mines to factories and towns, Cootton ha to be moved from ports to factories and finished goods had to be moved to markets

61
Q

What did the government do about the Britain’s road in early 1700s when it was in a terrible state

A

The government divided the main road network into sections and each section was rented out to a group of businesspeople. These people was called turnpike trust

62
Q

What did the Turnpike trust do

A

They promised and improved and maintained their section of road. IN return, the trusts were allowed to charge a toll to every person who used their section of road.

63
Q

What did the turnpike roads have?

A

had gates at the end of each stretch where toll keepers collected the money

64
Q

Which railway became the first public transport system in the world to use steam locomotives( a steam engine that moved wheels along a set of rails or track, often called trains)

A

Stockton and Darlington Railway

65
Q

What are the canals and why was it developed?

A

Canals were long,narrow,man made channels of still water which were ideal for moving heavy and fragile goods. The reason for this development was because turnpike trusts were still too bumpy for fragile goods like pottery and too slow for heavy goods like coal and iron ore.

66
Q

The first canal was how long?
When was it Completed?
Built where?

A

11km long
completed in 1761
Built by the Duke of Bridgewater

67
Q

What caused Industrial Revolution?

A

-The population increased massively, which led to more clothes ,shoes,plates production for them to buy.

-There were smart entrepreneurs.Who buys raw materials and make it into goods to be sold for profit.

-Britain had lots of coal and iron.It produced two thirds of the world’s coal and half of the world’s iron,two thirds of the world’s steel and half of the world’s cotton.

-There were many inventors, steam engines,trains,telephones were being invented using science and technology

-Population was well fed,breeding animals and growing crops for better quality meat

68
Q

What made towns and city stink?

A

Houses were built quickly and cheaply when people fled to places to find work in factories.

-They were crammed close together with narrow alleys between them

-built in terraces, also built back to back to save money.

Overcrowding,Usually five or more people lived in one small room, these rooms were rented from local landlords or factory owners

69
Q

Why were towns and the cities so filthy?

A

Disposal of sewage Problem:

-none of houses had indoor toilets, managing a bucket in the corner of the room to be emptied again into the street or sold to farmers.

-There would be a street toilet with a wooden shed over it, it had a pump that provided water,but people often collected water from the local river. This would be filthy.

-No rubbish collections,litter bins,street cleaners,sewers or fresh runningwater

-

70
Q

What caused the Death in The Streets during Cholera times

A

Sewage trickled down the streets and into nearby rivers. Most families washed themselves in and drank from these rivers.Which caused diseases to thrive in towns. Peope also didnt know that germs could cause disease. People in slums uses filty water. Britain’s industrial towns were dirty, overcrowded.

71
Q

Give examples of a disease caused by the filthy river

A

Cholera, Typhoid and Tuberculosis

72
Q

What is the phrase ‘Public Health’

A

phrase used to describe the general health and well-being of ordinary people

73
Q

When did Cholera arrived to Britain? and how much people did it kill within a year

A

1831, killed 32000 people in a year

74
Q

What were the Boards of Health?

A

special groups to investigate the cholera outbreaks.

75
Q

How did the Boards of the Health and the politicians deal with the cholera outbreaks

A

They didn’t do much mainly because they didn’t know what caused cholera, they didn’t know that germs caused diseases

But they knew that it occured more often where living conditions were bad and crowded

76
Q

What was the Public Health Act

A

laws that allowed councils to spend money on cleaning up if they wanted to.

77
Q

What were the two Theory of the Cholera outbreak

A

1.Miasma Theory:
caused by dirty air,stinking air that comes from the filthy towns

2.contagion theory:
having contact with a sick person.

78
Q

How did John Snow Figure make a discoevry about cholera

A
  1. He found out that those who didnt catch cholera got their water from somewhere else.
  2. he had the water pump in Broad street removed and there were no more deathes.
79
Q

How long was Bazalgette’s river? what was the rate and when was it finished

A

134km long
1.9billion litres of sewage a day
finished in 1870

80
Q

What is social Pyramid

A

A system resembled for the rich,upper classes to the less wealthy,working classes at the bottom. Refers to cdifferent classes

81
Q

Where did poorer people in the Poor class live?

A

They lived in the centre of towns or cities

82
Q

Where did the middle classes live

A

They lived further out of the towns

83
Q

Describe what was it like in Town centre

A

Back-to-back housing,poor workers,factories - mainly working classes

84
Q

Describe what was it like in Inner suburbs

A

Small terraced houses,no gardns

85
Q

Describe Outer Suburbs

A

Large detached houses,big gardems,upper middle classes

86
Q

What were there in the Southern Suburbs

A

Larger,semi -deteached houses. Middle class doctors,awyers

87
Q

Give some examples of capital crimes in the 1700s and 800s

A

Murder
Treason
Arson
Theft
Cutting down growing trees
Being a pirate
Stealing letters

88
Q

Describe the position of the Watch

A

Set by bigger towns to patrol the streets at night

89
Q

Describe the position of Magistrates

A

Also called Justice of the Peace.

Their Job to question suspects and witnesses in a court, they could punish criminals however they wanted for minor crimes.

90
Q

Describe the position of Constables

A

Helped organise the watch and helped magistrates by trying to catch criminals,they were unpaid volunteers like the magistrate

91
Q

What type of Harsh punishments were there

A

1.public Hanging

2.transportation by ship to another place Britain controlled, becomes a slave there for more than 5 years depending of the seriousness of the crime.
They would work on the land for settlers, or sent to build roads or buildings

92
Q

Describe the role of Bow Street Runners

A

early police force that were given handcuffs, pistols and stick and gets paid to capture as many criminals such as con artist, thieves as possibe.

93
Q

Who set up the new police force in 1829?

A

Robert Reel, a politician who set up the MEtropolitan Police

94
Q

Why did people hate the Police Force

A

-Waste of Money
-Government Spies

95
Q

Describe the Roles of Policemen in the Police Force

A

-prevent crime and disorder
-secure and maintain pubblic respect
-be friendly and good humoured

96
Q

who is Elizabeth Fry

A

A prison reformer who spent much of her life trying to improve the state of prisons and the rights and welfare of prisoners

97
Q

How was it like to be a prisoner? back when Elizabeth Fry times

A

1.THey don’t get provided with beds
2.Prisoners get charged for everything
3.Dirty Water
4.Not enough porridge and bread everyday
5.crowded and filthy cell
6.forced to work on pointless tasked such as paing the treadmill

98
Q

What did Elizabeth Fry 1.THey don’t get provided with beds
2.Prisoners get charged for everything
3.Dirty Water
4.Not enough porridge and bread everyday
5.crowded and filthy cell
6.forced to work on pointless tasked such as paing the treadmilldid to help the prisoners

A

taught them how to read
taught them how to write
helped tidy their cells

99
Q

What was the slave trade?

A

when human beings are bought and sold, instead of goods. Where they are treated as property and forced to work

100
Q

Why did people want slaves?

A

Farmers grew alot of popular crops in Europe such as cotton,tobacco ,sugar and coffee. They needed local tribespeople to do the farming for them.But the local slaves ran out, the Europeans settlers went to find new ones in Africa

101
Q

Who was the first slave trader?

A

John Hawkins

102
Q

What was the royal connection with Slavery?

A

Queen Elizabeth for example, got involved and was a business partner of John Hawkins.

Charles II was a partner in Royal African Company

Many of the slaves were branded with the letters ‘DY’ when they were captured-after the man King James II brother of King hales 2 ran the company

103
Q

Explain what is the slave ship and how it worked

A

Slave ships were designed to transport slaves, they were taken up to the dock to exercise, the sellers wanted their slaves to be in an acceptable physical ccondition to be sold for a good price.

Slaves who died on the journey were thrown into the sea

104
Q

Information on the slave ship

A

1.8m lenght
0.4m width
Men were loaded into the bow ,boys in the centre and women and young girls in the stern

Slaves were shackled together in rows

105
Q

Describe the process of selling a slave

A

before they were sold, they were cleaned up, they were washed down with water and given oil to rub into their skin to make them look shinier and healthier.

They were sold in 2 ways: auction or scramble

106
Q

Describe how slaves were auctioned

A

Slaves were paraded infront of buyers and examined like cattles. They stand on auction box and buyer bid for them. Then sold to the person who bid the most.Unhealthy and unsold slaves would be left to die without food or water

Scramble: buyers would pay the slave trader money. The buyer would get a ticket for each slave they bought. The buyer would grab the slaves they wanted when the bell rung and slave cage is opened

107
Q

Essay topic on Plantation slaves

A

They worked in forests cutting down trees,unloading ships,making sails or worked on huge farms called plantations

Some worked in the plantation owner’s house as cleaners, cooks or servant but mostly out on the fields.

Three to four years olds would work as water can carriers. As they grow older, they would work longer in the field with adults

Older Slaves often do less physical jobs, such as gardening,cleaning or nursing.

108
Q

Describe the Rights of a Slave

A

Slave had no legal rights.Weren’t allowed to learn to read or write, marry or have own property.Runaway slaves who were caught were severly punished

109
Q

Slave Rebellions

A

Antigua 1736-plot to steal gunpowder and blow the Controlled island of the plantation owning families

Jamaica 1760- rebel slaves seized guns and took over plantations

Saint-Domingue 1791-Took over an island

Barbados 1816-slaves burned a quarter of the British controlled island’s sugar crop

110
Q

What Disease was going on in a prison early 1800s and what caused it

A

IT was a disease called typhus also known as fail fever, it was caused by the lack of proper water supply and sewage systems.

111
Q

How did jailers earn money in a prison in early 1800s

A

They make money by selling food, beer , tobacco and blankets.

112
Q

How did Jack the Ripper get it’s name?

A

Central News Agency received a letter boasting of the killings happening recently and the police for not catching the killer. THe letter was passed onto the police and within days the details of the murders appeared in newspaper all over Britain.People began using the name that the writer of the letter had given himself-Jack the Ripper.

113
Q

Who were the five victims of Jack The Ripper

A

Nichols,Chapman,Stride,Eddowes and Kelly

114
Q

What made the police fail to catch Jack The Ripper?

A

London had poor slum housing, Smoke and stinking gases from factories and housing choked the narrow streets so badly that, at times, it was impossible to see more than a metre in front of your face.Dark passages provided excellent cover for ccrimes.

115
Q

What did the police try to do to catch Jack the Ripper?

A

they interviewed over 2000 people, including witnesses who claimed they had sen the victims with ‘mysterious-looking’ men before their deaths.Specially trained dogs were recruited to sniff out any leads. Some dressed up in Women costume to see if the killer approached them.The police even took photographs of the victims’ eye in the hope that they might be able to see an image of the last person the victim saw.The police also tried finding the killer with the witnesses who claimed to have been near one of the murder scenes.

History (7 decks)

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