Chapter 8 Flashcards
What made towns and city stink?
Houses were built quickly and cheaply when people fled to places to find work in factories.
-They were crammed close together with narrow alleys between them
-built in terraces, also built back to back to save money.
Overcrowding,Usually five or more people lived in one small room, these rooms were rented from local landlords or factory owners
No planning or quality control
Why were towns and the cities so filthy?
Disposal of sewage Problem:
-none of houses had indoor toilets, managing a bucket in the corner of the room to be emptied again into the street or sold to farmers.
-There would be a street toilet with a wooden shed over it, it had a pump that provided water,but people often collected water from the local river. This would be filthy.
-No rubbish collections,litter bins,street cleaners,sewers or fresh runningwater
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What caused the Death in The Streets during Cholera times
Sewage trickled down the streets and into nearby rivers. Most families washed themselves in and drank from these rivers.Which caused diseases to thrive in towns.People also didnt know that germs could cause disease. People in slums uses filty water. Britain’s industrial towns were dirty, overcrowded.
Give examples of a disease caused by the filthy river
Cholera, Typhoid and Tuberculosis
How did the Boards of the Health and the politicians deal with the cholera outbreaks
They didn’t do much mainly because they didn’t know what caused cholera, they didn’t know that germs caused diseases
But they knew that it occured more often where living conditions were bad and crowded
What is the phrase ‘Public Health’
phrase used to describe the general health and well-being of ordinary people
What were the Boards of Health?
special groups to investigate the cholera outbreaks.
What was the Public Health Act
laws that allowed councils to spend money on cleaning up if they wanted to.
What were the two Theory of the Cholera outbreak
1.Miasma Theory:
caused by dirty air,stinking air that comes from the filthy towns
2.contagion theory:
having contact with a sick person.
How did John Snow Figure make a discovery about cholera
- He found out that those who didnt catch cholera got their water from somewhere else.
- he had the water pump in Broad street removed and there were no more deathes.
What was Joseph Bazalgette’s solution for this disease
he planned for an underground sewage system to take away sewage from London’s streets. He was given money to begin his sewer system right away
What did Nightingale do about the Cholera Disease
They set up a kitchen to feed the soldiers properly, cleaned the hospital and got hold of vital supplies for patients. Nightingale also wrote several books on nursing and set up nurse training school and advised the government on hospital design
What is social Pyramid
A system resembled for the rich,upper classes to the less wealthy,working classes at the bottom. Refers to cdifferent classes
How was public health improved
Discoveries such as anaesthetics and antiseptics made surgery safer. Smallpox vaccination prevented many deaths, better training had vastly improved the medical profession.
Where did poorer people in the Poor class live?
They lived in the centre of towns or cities
Where did the middle classes live
They lived further out of the towns
Describe Outer Suburbs
Large detached houses,big gardens,upper middle classes
Describe what was it like in Town centre
Back-to-back housing,poor workers,factories - mainly working classes
Describe what was it like in Inner suburbs
Small terraced houses,no gardns
What were there in the Southern Suburbs
Larger,semi -deteached houses. Middle class doctors,awyers
Give some examples of capital crimes in the 1700s and 800s
Murder
Treason
Arson
Theft
Cutting down growing trees
Being a pirate
Stealing letters
Describe the position of the Watch
Set by bigger towns to patrol the streets at night. Usually too old for their role.
Describe the position of Magistrates
Also called Justice of the Peace.
Their Job to question suspects and witnesses in a court, they could punish criminals however they wanted for minor crimes.
Serious crimes are handed to professional judges to be taken care of.
Describe the position of Constables
Helped organise the watch and helped magistrates by trying to catch criminals,they were unpaid volunteers like the magistrate
What type of Harsh punishments were there
1.public Hanging
2.transportation by ship to another place Britain controlled, becomes a slave there for more than 5 years depending of the seriousness of the crime.
They would work on the land for settlers, or sent to build roads or buildings
Describe the role of Bow Street Runners
early police force that were given handcuffs, pistols and stick and gets paid to capture as many criminals such as con artist, thieves as possibe.
Who set up the new police force in 1829?
Robert Reel, a politician who set up the MEtropolitan Police
Describe the Roles of Policemen in the Police Force
-prevent crime and disorder
-secure and maintain pubblic respect
-be friendly and good humoured
Why did people hate the Police Force
-Waste of Money
-Government Spies
who is Elizabeth Fry
A prison reformer who spent much of her life trying to improve the state of prisons and the rights and welfare of prisoners
How was it like to be a prisoner? back when Elizabeth Fry times
1.THey don’t get provided with beds
2.Prisoners get charged for everything
3.Dirty Water
4.Not enough porridge and bread everyday
5.crowded and filthy cell
6.forced to work on pointless tasked such as pacing the treadmill
What did Elizabeth Fry do to help the prisoners
taught them how to read
taught them how to write
helped tidy their cells
Give the names of 5 of Jack the Ripper’s Victims
Mary Ann Nichols
Annie Chapman
Elizabeth Stride
Catherine Eddows
Mary Jane Kelly
what does mutilated mean
murdered and had no evidence left behind
What did the police try to do to catch Jack the Ripper?
they interviewed over 2000 people, including witnesses who claimed they had sen the victims with ‘mysterious-looking’ men before their deaths.Specially trained dogs were recruited to sniff out any leads. Some dressed up in Women costume to see if the killer approached them.The police even took photographs of the victims’ eye in the hope that they might be able to see an image of the last person the victim saw.The police also tried finding the killer with the witnesses who claimed to have been near one of the murder scenes.
What made the police fail to catch Jack The Ripper?
London had poor slum housing, Smoke and stinking gases from factories and housing choked the narrow streets so badly that, at times, it was impossible to see more than a metre in front of your face.Dark passages provided excellent cover for crimes. The government also did not care. There were no police force. No surveilance cameras.There were no specially trained dogs. No modern technology.The victims had been mutilated. The killings happened at night.There were too many crims going on. There were no witnesses
How did Jack the Ripper get it’s name?
Central News Agency received a letter boasting of the killings happening recently and the police for not catching the killer. THe letter was passed onto the police and within days the details of the murders appeared in newspaper all over Britain.People began using the name that the writer of the letter had given himself-Jack the Ripper.
How did jailers earn money in a prison in early 1800s
They make money by selling food, beer , tobacco and blankets.
What Disease was going on in a prison early 1800s and what caused it
IT was a disease called typhus also known as fail fever, it was caused by the lack of proper water supply and sewage systems.
