Chapter 7

Question 1

What is the domestic system

Answer 1

goods that were made in people’s home or in small workshops next to their homes[

Question 2

What materials and goods were included in the domestic system

Answer 2

Shoes,Socks,Buttons,Lace,Hats,gloves and woollen cloth

Question 3

How does the Domestic system work?

Answer 3

A clothier (cloth merchant) would buy wool from farmers that sheared their shoop and take the wool to villagers in their houses , who spun into threads to weave into clothes.Then the clothierr would collect the cloth,pay the family,take it to another different place to be dyed then sold it

Question 4

Who ended the domestic system

Answer 4

Richard Arkwright

Question 5

What did Richard Arkwright invent

Answer 5

Machine called the spinning Frame

Question 6

Information about the first factory

Answer 6

It was invented by Richard Arkwright that produced good,strong thread very quickly,But it couldn’t fit in people’s homes. It had to be operated by a waterwheel. Arkwright put his huge spinning machines in specially created buildings known as factories or mills

It was powered by one waterwheel and it turned day and night so the machines and workers could work 24 hours a day

When working at home, people chose wherever they wanted to work. But now workers had to work wherever factory owners wanted them to work

Question 7

How did the domestic system end?

Answer 7

More factories were built,people left their villlages and went to work in them

Question 8

How did factories create towns?

Answer 8

The new factories pulled people into towns,with the promise of regular work and good wages.Factory owners built houses for their workers to rent and people began to set up shops and inns so the workers could buy food and drink. Roads ,Churches,schools and places eof entertainment were soon built too

places needed shopworkers. For example Teachers and nurses.Therefore it grew into large towns

Question 9

Where were poor children who didn’t go to schools or orphans sent to?

Answer 9

They were sent to work in factories by local authorities and they were known as pauper apprentices,Given food,clothing and a bed in an apprentice house.

Question 9

Describe the steam engine invented by James Watt and Matthew Boulton at a science club called Lunar Society at Birmingham

Answer 9

it included the new ‘sun-and-planet’ gear system that turned a wheel as a river would.

The water is heated and turns into steam that pushes the piston up in cylinder, then the steam is removed which lets the piston drop down.

Sun and planet gears change the vertical motion into a circular one-which turns the wheel

Question 10

Punishment for breaking rules in the factory

Answer 10

fined,sacked,beaten with sticks,whipped

Question 11

Why did some people built and provide quality houses for workers

Answer 11

They believe happy workers are good workers so they tried to provide decent living and working conditions for them

Question 12

What were factory rules including its fines

Answer 12

Late for work- 3d fine

Leaving room without permission - 3d fine

All broken brushes,oil cans, windows will be paid by worker

Talking to another-6d fine

Ill worker who fails to find someone to do their job-6d fine

Question 13

What caused factory workers to deform?

Answer 13

Carrying heavy stuff

Question 14

How hard were pauper apprentices’ life?

Answer 14

They work for no wagees but given food. Dust and heat made people feel sick. Have to load and unload heavy baskets all day. Has no time to meet up with friends and share filthy beds

Question 15

1833 Factory ACT

Answer 15

No children under nine to work in factories
Nine hours of work per day for children aged nine to 13
Two hours of school per day
Factory inspectors appointed

Question 16

1842 Mines Act

Answer 16

No women or children under ten to work down a mine
Mine inspectors appointed

Question 16

1847 Ten hour Act

Answer 16

Maximum ten-hour day for all women and workers under 18

Question 17

1844 Factory Act

Answer 17

No women to work more than 12 hours per day
Machines to be made safter

Question 18

1895 Factory Act

Answer 18

Children under 13 to work a maximum of 30 hours per week

Question 19

Why did many people were unhappy with the factory change

Answer 19

People thought the government should not interfere with the way factories and mines were run. They believed that it was up to the owners to decide how to run them,introducing laws to force owners to spend money on improvements could harm the profit. They also argued that reducing the hours that children and women worked might cause money problems for the family

Question 20

Why were Reformers like Lord Shaftesbury,Richard Oastler,John Fielden began to campaign for laws to protect factory and mine workers

Answer 20

They were motivated by their religious beliefs

Question 21

Who were the Reformers

Answer 21

Lord Shaftesbury, Richard Oastler, John Fielden and Micheal Sadler

Question 22

What are miners

Answer 22

specialist workers who worked in the mines that dug coal out or any other rocks

Question 23

Process of iron

Answer 23

Iron ore is an ore that is a rock containing iron and is dug out from the ground

the ore is melted with limestone and charcoal to remove impurities in a furnace. The iron gets so hot it melts and gets poured out

Red-hot liquid iron is poured into casts shaped like pots,pans,pipes and cannons beams and so on.

It then becomes CAST IRON which is strong but contains air bubbles that can make it brittle

When cast Iron is reheated and hammered, the pocket of air are removed and it becomes wrought iron. Which is purer and stronger. This can be bent into shapes to make chains,tools,furtniture, railway tracks and so on

Question 23

Why was coal called black gold

Answer 23

mine owners were making so much money from their coal that they began to refer to it as black gold

Question 23

What is a coal

Answer 23

A black hard rock that is buried underground

Question 24

What were the use of iron

Answer 24

was used to make tools,trains and railway tracks, iron gates, and iron pans for cooking

Question 24

What are the use of coal

Answer 24

making bricks,pottery,glass,beer,sugar

power steam engines in the new factories

Required to power steam trains and steam ships

Question 25

Why didnt Britain used coal to make iron when charcoal/forest is running low

Answer 25

The coal contains too much sulphur which is a chemical that makes poor quality iron

Question 26

What did Abraham Darby I do

Answer 26

he discovered a way to use coal to make iron by reheating it to make the sulphur. This makes coke to make with Cast iron

Question 27

Abraham Darby III

Answer 27

showing the possibilities of the use of the use of iron by building a magnifient iron bridge. He made the ironworks at Coalbrookdale famous throughout the world

Question 28

Abraham Darby II

Answer 28

the removed even more impurities and allowing wrought iron to be made from coke-fired coal

Question 29

Why was transport system vital for business and industry

Answer 29

Coal had to be taken from mines to factories and towns, Cootton ha to be moved from ports to factories and finished goods had to be moved to markets

Question 30

What did the government do about the Britain’s road in early 1700s when it was in a terrible state

Answer 30

The government divided the main road network into sections and each section was rented out to a group of businesspeople. These people was called turnpike trust

Question 31

What did the Turnpike trust do

Answer 31

They promised and improved and maintained their section of road. IN return, the trusts were allowed to charge a toll to every person who used their section of road.

Question 32

What did the turnpike roads have?

Answer 32

had gates at the end of each stretch where toll keepers collected the money

Question 33

Which railway became the first public transport system in the world to use steam locomotives( a steam engine that moved wheels along a set of rails or track, often called trains)

Answer 33

Stockton and Darlington Railway

Question 34

What are the canals and why was it developed?

Answer 34

Canals were long,narrow,man made channels of still water which were ideal for moving heavy and fragile goods. The reason for this development was because turnpike trusts were still too bumpy for fragile goods like pottery and too slow for heavy goods like coal and iron ore.

Question 35

What caused Industrial Revolution?

Answer 35

-The population increased massively, which led to more clothes ,shoes,plates production for them to buy.

-There were smart entrepreneurs.Who buys raw materials and make it into goods to be sold for profit.

-Britain had lots of coal and iron.It produced two thirds of the world’s coal and half of the world’s iron,two thirds of the world’s steel and half of the world’s cotton.

-There were many inventors, steam engines,trains,telephones were being invented using science and technology

-Population was well fed,breeding animals and growing crops for better quality meat

Question 35

The first canal was how long?
When was it Completed?
Built where?

Answer 35

11km long
completed in 1761
Built by the Duke of Bridgewater

Question 36

Who created the Lunar Society

Answer 36

James Watt and Matthew Boulton

Question 36

Why did people stop using the water power

Answer 36

It was not reliable enough. Stormy nights can cause flood on the wheel. It stops when lack of water because of the dry weather

Question 37

What are steam engines

Answer 37

engines that pump water out of underground mines

Question 38

Why did steam engines fail until James Watt and Matthew Boulton found a solution.

Answer 38

They were expensive and kept breaking down