HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT

Question 1

The ___________ and the __________ are proof that projects of tremendous scope, employing tens of thousands of people, were completed in ancient times. It took more than 100,000 workers some 20 years to construct a single pyramid.

Answer 1

Egyptian pyramids
Great Wall of China

Question 2

to plan what was to be done, organize people and materials to do it, make sure those workers got the work done, and impose some controls to ensure that everything was done as plan

Answer 2

managers

Question 3

major economic and trade center in the 1400s

Answer 3

city of Venice

Question 4

The _________ developed an early form of
business enterprise and engaged in many activities common to today’s organizations.

Answer 4

Venetians

Question 5

the Venetians used _____________ to keep track of materials, human resource management functions to manage the labor force (including wine breaks), and an accounting system to keep track of revenues
and costs.

Answer 5

warehouse and inventory systems

Question 6

In 1776, Adam Smith published ____________, in which he argued the economic
advantages that organizations and society would gain from the division of labor (or job
specialization) - that is, breaking down jobs into narrow and repetitive tasks.

Answer 6

The Wealth of Nations

Question 7

Smith concluded that division of labor increased productivity by increasing each worker’s skill and dexterity, saving time lost in changing tasks, and creating labor-saving inventions and machinery

Answer 7

true

Question 8

Starting in the late eighteenth century when machine power was substituted for human
power, a point in history known as the__________, it became more economical to
manufacture goods in factories rather than at home

Answer 8

industrial revolution

Question 9

would need formal theories to guide them in running these large organizations

Answer 9

managers

Question 10

someone to forecast demand, ensure that enough material was on hand to make products, assign tasks to people, direct daily activities, and so forth

Answer 10

managers

Question 11

“Father of Scientific Management”

Answer 11

Frederick Winslow Taylor

Question 12

Using scientific methods to define the “one best way” for a job to be done by:
a. Putting the right person on the job with the correct tools and equipment
b. Having a standardized method of doing the job
c. Providing an economic incentive to the worker

Answer 12

Theory of Scientific Management

Question 13

Focused on increasing worker productivity through the reduction of wasted motion

Answer 13

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth

Question 14

How Do Today’s Managers Use Scientific Management?

Answer 14

Use time and motion studies to increase productivity.
Hire the best qualified employees.
Design incentive systems based on output

Question 15

Believed that the practice of management was distinct from other organizational
functions. His belief that management was an activity common to all business endeavors,
government, and even the home led him to develop 14 principles of management—
fundamental rules of management that could be applied to all organizational situations
and taught in schools.

Answer 15

Henri Fayol

Question 16

He developed a theory of authority structures and relations based on an ideal type of
organization he called a bureaucracy—a form of organization characterized by division
of labor, a clearly defined hierarchy, detailed rules and regulations, and impersonal
relationships

Answer 16

Max Weber

Question 17

The field of study that researches the actions (behavior) of people at work is called
organizational behavior (OB). Much of what managers do today when managing
people—motivating, leading, building trust, working with a team, managing conflict, and
so forth—has come out of OB research.
Without question, the most important contribution to the OB field came out of the
Hawthorne Studies.

Answer 17

Behavioral Approach

Question 18

Based on research in space time geometry, one airline innovated a unique boarding process called
__________ that has saved at least 2 minutes in boarding time.9 This is an example of the ___________, which is the use of quantitative techniques to improve decision making. This approach also is known as ____________

Answer 18

“reverse pyramid”
quantitative approach
management science

Question 19

involves applying statistics, optimization models, information models, computer simulations, and other quantitative techniques to management activities.

Answer 19

Quantitative approach

Question 20

is a technique that managers use to improve resource allocation decisions

Answer 20

Linear programming

Question 21

Work scheduling can be more efficient as a result of ___________________. The economic order quantity model helps managers determine
optimum inventory levels

Answer 21

critical path scheduling analysis

Question 22

TQM

Answer 22

Total quality management

Question 23

a management philosophy devoted to continual
improvement and responding to customer needs and expectations

Answer 23

Total quality management

Question 24

includes anyone who interacts with the organization’s product or services internally or externally

Answer 24

customer

Question 25

someone who coordinates and oversees the work of other people so that organizational goals can be accomplished.

Answer 25

manager

Question 26

Manage the work of no managerial employees who typically are involved with producing the organization’s products or servicing the organization’s customers.

Answer 26

First-Line Managers

Question 27

Manage the work of first-line managers and can be found between the lowest and top levels of the organization

Answer 27

Middle Manager

Question 28

Responsible for making organization-wide decisions and establishing the plans and goals that affect the entire organization

Answer 28

Top Manager

Question 29

do their work in organizations

Answer 29

managers

Question 30

It’s a deliberate arrangement of people to accomplish some specific purpose

Answer 30

organization