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Comprehensive Exam > Histopathology > Flashcards

Histopathology Flashcards

1
Q

Tissue Processing

A

Fixation
Decalcification
Dehydration
Clearing
Impregnation
Embedding
Trimming
Sectioning
Staining
Mounting
Labelling

Mnemonic:
Fck Dis C.I.E.T Sige Share Mo Lang
(credits to Sir Bau :))

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2
Q

Reagent in: Fixation

A

10% NBF

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3
Q

Reagent in: Decalcification

A

Formol Nitric Acid

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4
Q

Reagent in: Dehydration

A

Ethyl Alcohol

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5
Q

Reagent in: Clearing

A

Xylene

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6
Q

Removal of intracellular and extracellular
water from tissues after fixation

A

Dehydration

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7
Q

Remove clearing agent from tissues and
fill up cavities and tissue spaces

A

Impregnation

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8
Q

Melting point of Paraffin Wax

A

56-60 C

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9
Q

Thickness of tissue

A

3-5mm

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10
Q

Reagent in Mounting

A

Canada Balsam or Eukitt

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11
Q

Three areas in Histopathology Section

A
  1. Routine Biopsy
  2. Cytology (Paps Smear)
  3. FNAB
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12
Q

Involves a careful examination and description of the specimen that will include the appearance, the number of pieces and their dimensions.

A

Gross examination

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13
Q

Tissue processing

A

Tissue Processor: Thermo Scientific Excelsior
o Allows the specimen to be infiltrated with a sequence of different solvents finishing in molten paraffin wax.

o The processor contains:
 10% Neutral Buffered Formalin
 70% Alcohol
 80% Alcohol
 95% Alcohol
 100% Alcohol
 Xylene
 Water
o The processor also contains Paraffin Wax
o Time of Tissue Processing: 12 hours

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14
Q

Embedding machine

A

Leica EG 1150H

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15
Q

Why does the histotech need to “deeper” first?

A

to expose the tissue

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16
Q

Microtome

A

LEICA RM 2245 (semi-automated) and
LEICA RM 2235

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17
Q

Stains: for gastric polyp; detection of H. pylori detection

A

Giemsa stain

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18
Q

special stain for esophageal mucosa; Active Inflammation (pH – 2.7)

A

Alcian blue

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19
Q

special stain for iron

A

perl’s stain

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20
Q

special stain for elastin

A

Weigert’s stain

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21
Q

The sections are covered with a glass coverslip and are then sent a pathologist who will view them under a microscope to make an appropriate diagnosis and prepare a report.

A

mounting

22
Q

special stain for glycogen and carbohydrates

A

PAS

23
Q

Dehydrating Procedure

A

Water – 95% Alcohol – 100% Alcohol – Xylene

24
Q

IT IS PRIMARILY USED FOR THE DETECTION OF
THYROID PAPILLARY CARCINOMA.

A

FNAB

25
Q

First 4 steps of tissue processing is done here

A

Revos Thermoscientific

26
Q

for autocyte pap smear

A

Hologic ThinPrep 5000 Processor

27
Q

principle of Hologic ThinPrep 5000 Processor

A

filtration

28
Q

Removal of dehydrating agent from
tissues, making tissue transparent and
increase refractive index.

A

clearing

29
Q

automated stainer

A

Sakura tissue tek

30
Q

automated stainer

A

Sakura tissue tek

31
Q

special stain for reticular fibers

A

reticulin stain

32
Q

special stain for fungal

A

Gomori Methenamine Silver Stain

33
Q

branch of pathology which focuses on both histopathology and cytopathology techniques

A

anatomic pathology

34
Q

too thick specimens

A

underfixed

35
Q

TAT in routine histopathology

A

3-5 working days

36
Q

most crucial step in tissue processing

A

fixation

37
Q

removes calcium or lime salts hence, softens the tissues

A

decalcification

38
Q

fastest decalcifying agent

A

nitric acid

39
Q

gradual removal of water

A

dehydration

40
Q

done to cover the hollow of tissues

A

impregnation

41
Q

removal of excess paraffin wax to tissue paraffin block and also expose or prepare the tissue prior sectioning

A

trimming

42
Q

subclass of routine histopath aka RAPID or STAT

A

Frozen section

43
Q

principle of staining in frozen section

A

progressive staining (rapid H&E)

44
Q

study of microscopic appearance of cells

A

Cytology

45
Q

screening tool used for the detection of cervical cancer

A

pap smear

46
Q

primarily used for the detection of thyroid papillary carcinoma

A

FNAB

47
Q

two machines used in immunohistochemical staining procedures

A

Ventanna and Bondmax

48
Q

used for symptomatic patients (with suspicion of having malignant dse) to make a diagnosis

A

diagnostic cytology

49
Q

2 techniques used in diagnostic cytology

A

non invasive (urine, sputum) and minimally invasive (Bronchial washing and FNAB)

50
Q

steps performed in revos thermoscientific

A

fixation
decalcification
dehydration
clearing/dealcholization
impregnation

Comprehensive Exam (9 decks)

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