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Bio 285 Anatomy & Physiology > Histology- tissues > Flashcards

Histology- tissues Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

histology

A

study of tissues

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2
Q

Histogenesis

A

is the formation of tissue from the germ layers during embryonic development

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3
Q

4 basic categories of tissues

A
  1. epithelium
  2. connective tissues
  3. muscle tissue
  4. nervous tissue
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4
Q

epithelial tissue- main function

A

covers the outer surfaces of the body(epidermis) & lines all passages leading to the exterior & lines most of cavities of the body (thorax, abdomen)

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5
Q

What joins cells together (in EPi T)?

A

cells that are tightly joined together with desmosomes & tight junctions( necessary for tissues that cover and line)

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6
Q

Epi T embryonic germ layer orgin

A
  • can come from 3 germ layers
  • ex. epithelium from the endoderm lines organs of digestive tract, while epithelium from the ectoderm covers the body as skin
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7
Q

Epi T apical surface

A

free margin, pole which faces the lumen or exterior

-mods: microvilli or cilia

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8
Q

Epi T basal surface

A

pole which faces the underlying connective tissue

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9
Q

Epi T basal lamina

A

a very thin coat secreted by the cells bordering the basal surface which is composed primarily of glycoproteins and act as glue
-noncellular

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10
Q

Epi T basement membrane

A

a thick layer just below the basal surface resulting from the basal lamina and the reticular layer ( layers of collagen fibers secreted by the underlying connective tissue)

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11
Q

Tissues are…

A

a collection of cells and associated intercellular materials specialized for a particular function(s)

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12
Q

Epithelial tissues are classified by…..

A

the shape of cells and by the number of cell layers

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13
Q

Shapes

A
  1. squamous
  2. cuboidal
  3. columnar
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14
Q

squamous

A

flat

-line blood vessels and mouth

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15
Q

cuboidal

A

cube shaped

-line glands and ducts

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16
Q

columnar

A

tall

-line stomach and intestines

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17
Q

Layers

A
  1. simple
    2 stratified
  2. pseudostratified
  3. transitional
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18
Q

simple

A

one layer

-for absorption, secretion, filtration

19
Q

stratified

A

several layers

- for protection

20
Q

pseudostratified

A

single layer of cells, but columnar cells are varying heights so the appear stratified, but its only one layer

  • ciliated pseudostratified columnar Epi T lines the respiratory tract
  • simple columnar can also be ciliated
21
Q

transitional

A

a variation of stratified which is found in the urinary system where the number of cell layers and shapes of the cells vary with distention and contraction of organ)

22
Q

Epithelial tissue is…

A
  • avascular(no blood supply)
  • relies on diffusion of Oxygen and nutrients from capillaries in underlying connective tissues
  • innervated(nervous supply)
  • high regeneration capacity
  • damage to cells are repaired quickly
23
Q

Both serous and mucous membranes are..

A

epithelial tissue over connective tissue

24
Q

Simple squamous

A

ex. air sacs of lungs
- lining of blood vessels
- lining serosae( the chorion- outer membrane of fetus)

25
Q

simple cuboidal

A

ex.

  • kidney tubules
  • surface of uteras
26
Q

simple columnar

A

ex.

  • line of digestive tract
  • 2 mods: dense microvilli, goblet cells secrete mucous
27
Q

ciliated simple columnar

A

line fallopian tubes

28
Q

pseudostratified columnar

A

ex. ducts of large glands

- ciliated: upper respiratory tract (trachea)

29
Q

stratified squamous

A

ex. epidermis of skin

- extends a short distance into every body opening

30
Q

stratified cuboidal

A
  • rare

- ex. sweat glands, mammary glands

31
Q

stratified columnar

A
  • rare

- ex. large ducts of some glands

32
Q

Connective tissues(function)

A

bind together and support other structures
-made up of scattered cells, formed materials or fibers, and the matrix or ground substance that is secreted by the cells

33
Q

connective tissue embryonic germ layer of origin

A

mesoderm

34
Q

Conn T examples

A
  • areolar
  • dense regular
  • dense irregular
  • connective tissue
  • adipose
  • cartilage
  • bone-vascular tissue(blood, tissue fluids, lymph)
35
Q

connective tissues consist of..

A

cells and extracellular fibers embedded in a nonliving, acellular matrix

36
Q

extracellular matrix

A

is soft in connective tissue, firm & flexible in cartilage, rigid in bone( because of inorganc salts)

37
Q

fibers

A

may be collagen, elastic or reticular

38
Q

to distinguish Conn T one must…

A

-must look at the extracellular matrix in the cells, since cells look very similar in all types

39
Q

Areolar Conn T

A
  • most abundant
  • packages internal organs & vessels
  • the living cells are called fibroblasts
  • matrix is soft and jelly like
  • all 3 fibers will be found in matrix and web-like pattern in gel
40
Q

Dense regular Conn T

A
  • composed of living cells, fibroblast and many collagen fibers in a sparce background
  • very strong and elastic
  • it forms tendons(muscle to bone) and ligaments(bones to other bones)
41
Q

Dense irregular Conn T

A
  • similar to dense but fibers not organized in regular pattern
  • forms in dermis of skin and fibrous coverings of kidneys
42
Q

Reticular Conn T

A
  • contains only reticular fibers

- forms internal framework of lymph nodes, spleen and bone marrow

43
Q

Adipose Tissue

A
  • unlike other conn Ts, it is almost all cellular
  • account for 90% of tissue mass
  • cells contain large lipid vacuole that swells and shrinks as lipid reserves fluctuate
  • in humans, theses cells are formed prenatally and during the first year of life
  • the living cells are called adipocytes
  • jelly like mass
44
Q

does connective tissues have a good blood supply?

A

*all have good supply except cartilage

Bio 285 Anatomy & Physiology (9 decks)

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