Chapter 1

Question 0

Physiology

Answer 0

Study of the body systems as a whole and how they are connected and work together
- functions

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

Study of body parts, how they are related to eachother, how they are cut apart

Question 2

Galen

Answer 2

(129-200 AD)

• believed for 1500 years - pinnacle of study-
• tested apes

Question 3

Vesalius

Answer 3

• (1514-1564AD)
• new anatomy
• based on humans

Question 4

Gross (macroscopic) Anatomy

Answer 4

Large body structures, overall picture

Question 5

Regional macro

Answer 5

In a certain region- area on body

Ex. Arm - (bones and skin)

Question 6

Systemic macro

Answer 6

All structures in system
Ex. Cardiovascular -( heart and blood vessels)
- visible to the naked eye

Question 7

Regional

Answer 7

• all structures In a particular region of the body

- ex. All the muscles, bones, blood vessels, nerves, in leg or abdomen

Question 8

Systemic

Answer 8

All structures in system

Ex. Cardiovascular - examine heart & blood vessels if entire body

Question 9

Surface

Answer 9

Study of internal structures as they relate to overlying skin surface

Question 10

Microscopic anatomy

Answer 10

Structures you can’t see with the naked eye

Question 11

Cytology

Answer 11

Study of cells

Question 12

Histology

Answer 12

The study of tissues

Question 13

Developmental anatomy

Answer 13

Traces structural changes that occur in the body throughout the life span

Question 14

Pathological anatomy

Answer 14

Studies structural changes caused by disease

Question 15

Radiographic anatomy

Answer 15

Studies internal structures visualized by X-ray images or specialized scanning procedures

Question 16

Molecular biology

Answer 16

Study of biological molecules

Question 17

Tools for studying anatomy

Answer 17

• anatomical terminology, observation, manipulation, palpitation, auscultation( listening to organ sounds w/ stethoscope), microscope, dissection, medical imaging techniques

Question 18

Physiology

Answer 18

• concerns the function of the body ; how the body parts work and carry out their life
  Many subdivisions that consider the operation of specific organ systems.

Question 19

Renal physiology

Answer 19

Concerns with kidney function & urine production

Question 20

Neurophysiology

Answer 20

Explains workings of nervous system

Question 21

Cardiovascular physiology

Answer 21

Examines the operation of the heart and blood vessels

Question 22

The principle of complementarity of structure & function

Answer 22

Function reflects structure , what structure can do depends on its specific form

Question 23

Levels of structural organization

Answer 23

Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ , organ system, organismal

Question 24

Chemical level

Answer 24

Atoms( tiny building blocks of matter) combine to form molecules the form organelles

Question 25

Cellular level

Answer 25

All cells have some common function, but individual cells vary widely in size & shape , reflecting their unique function

Question 26

Tissue level

Answer 26

Groups of similar cells that have common function

Question 27

4 basic tissue types

Answer 27

Epithelium, muscle, connective tissue and nervous tissue

Question 28

Homeostasis

Answer 28

- "unchanging" | - describes body's ability to maintain internal conditions even if external is changing

Question 29

Variable

Answer 29

Factor or event being regulated | Ex. Body temperature

Question 30

Receptor

Answer 30

Type of sensor that monitors the environment and responds to changes, called stimuli by sending information( input) to the second component , the control center

Question 31

Control center

Answer 31

Determines the set point, which is the level or range at which a variable is to be maintained - it analyzes the input it receives and determines the appropriate response or course of action

Question 32

Effector

Answer 32

Provides the means for the control center's response(output) to the stimulus

Question 33

Afferent pathway

Answer 33

- approaches , Arrival | - input flows from the receptor to the control center

Question 34

Efferent pathway

Answer 34

- exits | Information output then flows from the control center to the third component , the effector

Question 35

Organ system level: 11 organ systems

Answer 35

S- keletal , L- ymphatic , I- ntegumentary, C- ardiovascular SLIC M-uscular, E- ndocrine, N- ervous MEN R-respiratory, R- eproductive, E- xcretory, D-igestive RRED SLIC MEN RRED

Question 36

8 things needed to maintain life and which system related

Answer 36

1. Maintaing boundaries- integumentary sys. 2. Movement- skeletal & muscular 3. Responsiveness( irritability) - nervous sys. 4. Digestion- digestive 5. Metabolism -endocrine 6. Excretion- digestive, urinary, respiratory 7. Reproduction- reproductive 8. Growth-