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Bio 285 Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Physiology

A

Study of the body systems as a whole and how they are connected and work together
- functions

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1
Q

Anatomy

A

Study of body parts, how they are related to eachother, how they are cut apart

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2
Q

Galen

A

(129-200 AD)

  • believed for 1500 years - pinnacle of study-
  • tested apes
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3
Q

Vesalius

A
  • (1514-1564AD)
  • new anatomy
  • based on humans
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4
Q

Gross (macroscopic) Anatomy

A

Large body structures, overall picture

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5
Q

Regional macro

A

In a certain region- area on body

Ex. Arm - (bones and skin)

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6
Q

Systemic macro

A

All structures in system
Ex. Cardiovascular -( heart and blood vessels)
- visible to the naked eye

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7
Q

Regional

A
  • all structures In a particular region of the body

- ex. All the muscles, bones, blood vessels, nerves, in leg or abdomen

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8
Q

Systemic

A

All structures in system

Ex. Cardiovascular - examine heart & blood vessels if entire body

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9
Q

Surface

A

Study of internal structures as they relate to overlying skin surface

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10
Q

Microscopic anatomy

A

Structures you can’t see with the naked eye

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11
Q

Cytology

A

Study of cells

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12
Q

Histology

A

The study of tissues

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13
Q

Developmental anatomy

A

Traces structural changes that occur in the body throughout the life span

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14
Q

Pathological anatomy

A

Studies structural changes caused by disease

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15
Q

Radiographic anatomy

A

Studies internal structures visualized by X-ray images or specialized scanning procedures

16
Q

Molecular biology

A

Study of biological molecules

17
Q

Tools for studying anatomy

A
  • anatomical terminology, observation, manipulation, palpitation, auscultation( listening to organ sounds w/ stethoscope), microscope, dissection, medical imaging techniques
18
Q

Physiology

A
  • concerns the function of the body ; how the body parts work and carry out their life
    Many subdivisions that consider the operation of specific organ systems.
19
Q

Renal physiology

A

Concerns with kidney function & urine production

20
Q

Neurophysiology

A

Explains workings of nervous system

21
Q

Cardiovascular physiology

A

Examines the operation of the heart and blood vessels

22
Q

The principle of complementarity of structure & function

A

Function reflects structure , what structure can do depends on its specific form

23
Q

Levels of structural organization

A

Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ , organ system, organismal

24
Q

Chemical level

A

Atoms( tiny building blocks of matter) combine to form molecules the form organelles

25
Q

Cellular level

A

All cells have some common function, but individual cells vary widely in size & shape , reflecting their unique function

26
Q

Tissue level

A

Groups of similar cells that have common function

27
Q

4 basic tissue types

A

Epithelium, muscle, connective tissue and nervous tissue

28
Q

Homeostasis

A
  • “unchanging”

- describes body’s ability to maintain internal conditions even if external is changing

29
Q

Variable

A

Factor or event being regulated

Ex. Body temperature

30
Q

Receptor

A

Type of sensor that monitors the environment and responds to changes, called stimuli by sending information( input) to the second component , the control center

31
Q

Control center

A

Determines the set point, which is the level or range at which a variable is to be maintained
- it analyzes the input it receives and determines the appropriate response or course of action

32
Q

Effector

A

Provides the means for the control center’s response(output) to the stimulus

33
Q

Afferent pathway

A
  • approaches , Arrival

- input flows from the receptor to the control center

34
Q

Efferent pathway

A
  • exits

Information output then flows from the control center to the third component , the effector

35
Q

Organ system level: 11 organ systems

A

S- keletal , L- ymphatic , I- ntegumentary, C- ardiovascular
SLIC
M-uscular, E- ndocrine, N- ervous
MEN
R-respiratory, R- eproductive, E- xcretory, D-igestive
RRED
SLIC MEN RRED

36
Q

8 things needed to maintain life and which system related

A
  1. Maintaing boundaries- integumentary sys.
  2. Movement- skeletal & muscular
  3. Responsiveness( irritability) - nervous sys.
  4. Digestion- digestive
  5. Metabolism -endocrine
  6. Excretion- digestive, urinary, respiratory
  7. Reproduction- reproductive
  8. Growth-

Bio 285 Anatomy & Physiology (9 decks)

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