Chapter 2

Question 1

matter

Answer 1

• stuff of the universe

- is anything that occupies space and has mass

Question 2

energy

Answer 2

capacity to do work

Question 3

electrical energy

Answer 3

results from the movement of charges particles

Question 4

mechanical energy

Answer 4

directly involved in moving matter

Question 5

radiant energy

Answer 5

energy that travels in waves

Question 6

element

Answer 6

all matter is composed of this, unique substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical methods

Question 7

atom

Answer 7

are the units of matter that still retain all characteristics of an element

Question 8

atomic mass

Answer 8

sum of masses of protons and neutrons in nucleus

Question 9

atomic weight

Answer 9

is an average of relative weights (mass #s) of all isotopes of an element

Question 10

isotope

Answer 10

same # of protons but diff # of neutrons

Question 11

radioisotope

Answer 11

heavier isotopes are unstable and they decay into lighter forms

Question 12

molecules

Answer 12

two or more atoms combined, could be some or differing elements

Question 13

compound

Answer 13

when two or more different kinds of atoms bind; two elements leads to compounds with different properties

Question 14

mixture

Answer 14

are substances composed of two or more components physically intermixed

Question 15

solution

Answer 15

are homogenous mixtures of components that may be gases, liquids or solids

Question 16

solvent

Answer 16

the substance present in the greatest amount

-dissolving medium

Question 17

molarity

Answer 17

moles per liter

Question 18

avogadros number

Answer 18

6.02X10^23- one mole of any substance always contains exactly the same number of solute particles

Question 19

colloid

Answer 19

emulsions, are heterogenous mixtures, composition is dissimilar in different ares of the mixture

Question 20

suspension

Answer 20

heterogenous mixtures with large often visible solutes that tend to settle out

Question 21

anion

Answer 21

the atom gaining electrons is the electron acceptor,negative

Question 22

cation

Answer 22

the atom losing the electron(s), electron donor, positive

Question 23

4 types of chemical reactions

Answer 23

synthesis, decomposition, exchange, oxidation reduction

Question 24

synthesis

Answer 24

when atoms combine to form a larger more complex molecule

-anabolic

Question 25

decomposition

Answer 25

occurs when molecule is broken down into smaller molecules or its constituent atoms -catabolic

Question 26

exchange or displacement reaction

Answer 26

involve both synthesis and decomposition- bonds made and broken ex. ATP-ADP

Question 27

oxidation-reduction reactions/ redox reaction

Answer 27

are decomposition reactions that break down food fuels into ATP - occur when ionic compounds are formed - cellular respiration